ArticleBMC pediatrics2025
Immune response and associated factors to Hepatitis B vaccination among children under five attending care at mulago hospital.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Interleukin-12 as a Predictor for Unresponsiveness to the Hepatitis B Vaccine: A Novel Cut-Off Point in Children.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHepatitis B is a major global health concern, with chronic infections affecting approximately 296 million people yearly. A 2009 survey in East Africa showed a prevalence rate of 6.5%, with Uganda's rate at 10.3% and Northern Uganda at 20.7%. Therefore, this study sought to determine the immune response to Hepatitis B vaccination and associated factors among children under five attending outpatient care at Mulago Assessment Centre Pediatrics clinic.
methodsA cross-sectional study involving 301 children aged 1 to under 5 years at Mulago National Referral's Pediatrics clinic was conducted in February 2023. Children were consecutively enrolled and screened for Hepatitis B core antibodies, with anti-HBs antibody titers measured. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was administered to caregivers. Data analysis was conducted using STATA Version 13.0. Logistic regression analysis was done to determine factors associated with immune response, a binary outcome.
resultsAll 301 children tested negative for Hepatitis B core antibodies. Children's ages ranged between 1 and 4 years with most aged 2 years, 89/301(29.6%). The immune response varied from 2 IU/ml to 1000 IU/ml, with a median of 86.2 IU/ml (IQR: 14.5-239.4). The prevalence of good immune response was 77.4% (233/301) (95% CI: 72.3-81.8%), with 58.4% (95% CI: 51.9-64.6%) classified as very good responders. The factors associated with immune response were child age (aOR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.16-0.97; p = 0.044) and caregiver HIV status (aOR = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.04-0.71; p = 0.014).
conclusionChildren had protective antibody levels against the Hepatitis B virus, but it is still below the expected level by the World Health Organization. The child's age and caregiver's HIV status were associated with immune response. Emphasis needs to be made on the Hepatitis B birth dose and booster vaccinations, especially for children over 1 year and at-risk groups, to lower transmission rates and enhance long-term Hepatitis B protection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.