ArticleJournal of veterinary internal medicine
Risk Factors and Long-Term Outcomes in Horses After the 2021 Outbreak of Equine Herpesvirus 1 Myeloencephalopathy, Valencia, Spain.
Article in Journal of veterinary internal medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Identifying Host-Characteristics and Management Risk Factors in a California Equine Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy (EHM) Outbreak.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Equine Herpesvirus Infections: Treatment Progress and Challenges in Horses and Donkeys.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Erratum for "Risk Factors and Long-Term Outcomes in Horses After the 2021 Outbreak of Equine Herpesvirus 1 Myeloencephalopathy, Valencia, Spain".Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEquine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy (EHM) is a persistent threat to horses, with unclear risk factors and disease severity.
objectivesTo evaluate risk factors, effective reproduction rate (Rt), and long-term athletic outcomes of an EHM outbreak.
methodsRetrospective study of the 2021 EHM outbreak in Valencia, Spain, examining associations between risk factors (sex, age, breed, country of origin, and vaccination status) and case fatality rate, EHM development, and odds of returning to competition using odds ratios [95% CI] and Rt via the Robert Kochs Institute method.
resultsAmong 191 horses, 38 (20%) were clinically normal, 13 (7%) were subclinical, and 140 (73%) presented clinical signs (89 EHM, 64%). One hundred sixty horses were isolated at the show, while 47 were treated in hospitals. The mean age was 9.8 ± 3.0 years; 85 (45%) were mares, 79 (41%) geldings, and 27 (14%) stallions. The EHM case fatality rate was 11/89 (12%). Vaccination was associated with EHM development (4.54[2.23-9.27]; OR[95% CI]; p < 0.001) and case fatality rate (3.9[1.1-14.4]; OR[95% CI]; p < 0.043). EHV-1-infected horses without EHM were more likely to return to competition (54/61; 89%) than those recovering from EHM (65/89; 73%; p = 0.024). It was initially 4.2 and decreased to < 1 within 2 weeks of the outbreak.
conclusionsDuring the 2021 EHV-1 outbreak in Valencia, vaccination status appears to be associated with EHM development. Horses recovering from EHM had slightly lower chances of returning to competition than those shedding EHV-1 without EHM. The high R
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