Observational studyBMC psychiatry2025
Relationship between cognitive impairments and psychopathological symptoms in female schizophrenia subsequent to 8 weeks treatment with antipsychotic drugs.
Observational study in BMC psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT03451734. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Optimizing and Individualizing the Pharmacological Treatment of First-episode Schizophrenic Patients
Open the trial in the graphWho cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChanges in cognitive impairments and their relationship with psychopathological symptoms during treatment in schizophrenia remain debatable. Especially, there is few studies specifically focusing on female patients. Further exploration of the characteristics of female schizophrenia patients can offer valuable sex-related considerations for clinicians in diagnosis and interventions.
methodsOur study involved 94 female patients with drug-naïve or drug-withdrawal schizophrenia who received antipsychotic drug for 8 weeks, along with 71 age-matched female healthy controls. The MATRICS Consensus Cognition Battery was used to assess cognition in the healthy controls at baseline and in the schizophrenia patients before and after 8 weeks of treatment. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was employed to evaluate the psychopathological symptoms of the patients before and after 8 weeks of treatment.
resultsAfter antipsychotic treatment, 90.43% of the patients showed a reduction rate of more than 25% in their PANSS scores. Psychopathological symptoms and overall cognitive functioning improved significantly (p < 0.05), with the exception of verbal learning and social cognition (p > 0.05). Most cognitive dimensions were negatively correlated with positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and general psychopathological symptoms (p < 0.05, Bonferroni correction), while verbal learning and social cognition were only correlated with negative symptoms (p < 0.05, Bonferroni correction). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that improvements in positive symptoms and negative symptoms can predict the improvement in visual learning (p < 0.05) and overall cognitive composite scores (p < 0.05), improved positive symptoms can predict the improvement in the speed of processing (p < 0.05), reasoning and problem-solving(p < 0.05), and improvement in negative symptoms can predict the improvement in attention/vigilance (p < 0.05).
conclusionsVerbal learning and social cognition may serve as core independent cognitive impairments in female schizophrenia. Improvements in the overall cognitive function, along with most cognitive dimensions, appeared to be secondary to the improvement in positive and negative symptoms during the acute stages of antipsychotic treatment.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03451734.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.