ArticleNature materials2025
Stiff and self-healing hydrogels by polymer entanglements in co-planar nanoconfinement.
Article in Nature materials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multifunctional material platforms for neural interfaces: active orchestration of dynamic foreign body response across implantation lifetimes.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Stiff-yet-tough glassy hydrogels for tendon rupture repair.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Shear-flow-induced assembly of 2D nanosheets for the fabrication of composite films with high tensile strength.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Brush-mediated angular constraints reshape structure, rigidity, and percolation in colloidal depletion gels.Science advances · 2026Article
- Impact-Resistant Hydrogels Via Quaternary Ammonium-Regulated Networks.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- A Xerotic Skin-Compatible Neuromotor Electrode Interface for Non-Invasive Muscle Weakness Evaluation in Dermatomyositis.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Dynamically Bonded MXene‑Composite Hydrogel via Confined‑Space Gelation for Multimodal Sensing, Photothermal Response and Human‑Machine Interaction.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Composite Hydrogel With Ultra-High Mechanical Anisotropy and Biotissue-Like Softness by Confining Electrostatic and Entropic Repulsion Between Cofacially Aligned Nanosheets.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Biomass-Derived Hydrogels for Load-Bearing Connective Tissue Repair: Integrative Reinforcement, Bio-Functional Design, and Emerging Pathways Toward Clinical Translation.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- A Unified Polymer Hydrogel Electrolyte Integrating Robust Adhesion, Self-Healing, and Oxygen Permeability in Flexible Neutral Zn-Air Batteries.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Multi-scale structural engineering enables ultra-strong and tough eutectogels.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Ion-triggered reconfigurable hydrogels with salt-enhanced mechanical and swelling properties via network topological adaptation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Thermal-driven H-bond reconfiguration for bioinspired high-strength anisotropic supramolecular hydrogels.Materials horizons · 2026Article
- A conformable shape-stable self-healing polymer platform for continuous wireless arterial pulse monitoring.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Interleukin-10 Derived Apoptotic Vesicles Enhance Scarless Skin Healing by Modulating Fibroblast Metabolism and Fibrosis Pathways.Cell proliferation · 2026Article
- Nanoscale Covalent Organic Framework Confinement Enables Ultratough and Hyperelastic Hydrogels Applied as High-Performance Electrolytes.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- High Entanglement in Hydrogels: From Polymer Physics to Robust Mechanics.Polymer science & technology (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- A Roadmap for Extreme-Mechanics Hydrogels: From Toughening Mechanisms to Intelligent System Integration.Nano-micro letters · 2026Review
- Machine Learning-Assisted Bio-Interfacial Engineering Resolves Structural-Functional Conflicts in Nanocomposites.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Enhancing Binding by Electron Transfer at Heterointerfaces of Biochar-Modified Hydrogel to Improve Utilization Efficiency of Wastewater Recovered Nutrients.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Many biological tissues are mechanically strong and stiff but can still heal from damage. By contrast, synthetic hydrogels have not shown comparable combinations of properties, as current stiffening approaches inevitably suppress the required chain/bond dynamics for self-healing. Here we show a stiff and self-healing hydrogel with a modulus of 50 MPa and tensile strength up to 4.2 MPa by polymer entanglements in co-planar nanoconfinement. This is realized by polymerizing a highly concentrated monomer solution within a scaffold of fully delaminated synthetic hectorite nanosheets, shear oriented into a macroscopic monodomain. The resultant physical gels show self-healing efficiency up to 100% despite the high modulus, and high adhesion shear strength on a broad range of substrates. This nanoconfinement approach allows the incorporation of novel functionalities by embedding colloidal materials such as MXenes and can be generalized to other polymers and solvents to fabricate stiff and self-healing gels for soft robotics, additive manufacturing and biomedical applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.