Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40054862›Full record

ArticleGenome research2025

Assessing DNA methylation detection for primary human tissue using Nanopore sequencing.

Rylee Genner, Stuart Akeson, Melissa Meredith, Pilar Alvarez Jerez, Laksh Malik, Breeana Baker, Abigail Miano-Burkhardt, CARD-long-read Team, Benedict Paten, Kimberley J Billingsley and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Population-scale detection of methylation outliers from long-read genome sequencing.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Long-Read epigenetic clocks identify improved brain aging predictions.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. The ZFHX3 GGC Repeat Expansion Underlying Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 4 has a Common Ancestral Founder.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Rylee Genner *Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-8251-5960
Stuart Akeson *Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.ORCID 0009-0008-8008-2486
Melissa Meredith *Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5736-3193
Pilar Alvarez JerezCenter for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5812-1898
Laksh MalikCenter for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2498-146X
Breeana BakerCenter for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Abigail Miano-BurkhardtLaboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0447-4698
CARD-long-read Team
Benedict PatenDepartment of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8863-3539
Kimberley J Billingsley *Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA; mi.jain@northeastern.edu kimberley.billingsley@nih.gov cornelis.blauwendraat@nih.gov.ORCID 0000-0002-8003-4029
Cornelis Blauwendraat *Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA; mi.jain@northeastern.edu kimberley.billingsley@nih.gov cornelis.blauwendraat@nih.gov.ORCID 0000-0001-9358-8111
Miten Jain *Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA; mi.jain@northeastern.edu kimberley.billingsley@nih.gov cornelis.blauwendraat@nih.gov.ORCID 0000-0002-4571-3982

Funding

Long-read DNA sequencing of Alzheimers Disease and Related Dementias casesZIAAG000538 · NIA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING · PI COOKSON, MARK · 2020 to 2025
$39.6M
TISSUE REPOSITORY COREP01AG000538 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI LAFERLA, FRANK M · 1985 to 2018
$24.8M
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA AG000538NIA NIH HHS P01 AG000538
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

DNA methylation most commonly occurs as 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in the human genome and has been associated with human diseases. Recent developments in single-molecule sequencing technologies (Oxford Nanopore Technologies [ONT] and Pacific Biosciences [PacBio]) have enabled readouts of long, native DNA molecules, including cytosine methylation. ONT recently upgraded their Nanopore sequencing chemistry and kits from the R9 to the R10 version, which yielded increased accuracy and sequencing throughput. However, the effects on methylation detection have not yet been documented. Here, we performed a series of computational analyses to characterize differences in Nanopore-based 5mC detection between the ONT R9 and R10 chemistries. We compared 5mC calls in R9 and R10 for three human genome data sets: a cell line, a frontal cortex brain sample, and a blood sample. We performed an in-depth analysis on CpG islands and homopolymer regions, and documented high concordance for methylation detection among sequencing technologies. The strongest correlation was observed between Nanopore R10 and Illumina bisulfite technologies for cell line-derived data sets. Subtle differences in methylation data sets between technologies can impact analysis tools such as differential methylation calling software. Our findings show that comparisons can be drawn between methylation data from different Nanopore chemistries using guided hypotheses. This work will facilitate comparison among Nanopore data cohorts derived using different chemistries from large-scale sequencing efforts, such as the NIH CARD Long Read Initiative.

Indexed as

DNA MethylationNanopore SequencingSequence Analysis, DNA5-MethylcytosineCell LineCpG IslandsGenome, HumanHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansNanopores5-Methylcytosine

Identifiers

PMID40054862
PMCPMC12047266

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.