Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40054138›Full record

ArticleVaccine2025

SARS-CoV-2 conjugate vaccine elicits robust immune responses that can protect against evolving variants.

Melanie Carroll, Heather B Fox, Anh Tran, Gowri Chellappan, Leonardo V Rojas, Geetha Karengil, Fataneh Karandish, John W Langston, Brent M Fall, Mary M Whalen and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Melanie CarrollViral Vaccines QC, Inventprise, Inc., Redmond, WA, USA.
Heather B FoxViral Vaccines R&D, Inventprise, Inc., Redmond, WA, USA.
Anh TranInfectious Diseases, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Gowri ChellappanBacterial Vaccines R&D, Inventprise, Inc., Redmond, WA, USA.
Leonardo V RojasViral Vaccines QC, Inventprise, Inc., Redmond, WA, USA.
Geetha KarengilBacterial Vaccines R&D, Inventprise, Inc., Redmond, WA, USA.
Fataneh KarandishBacterial Vaccines R&D, Inventprise, Inc., Redmond, WA, USA.
John W LangstonViral Vaccines R&D, Inventprise, Inc., Redmond, WA, USA.
Brent M FallViral Vaccines R&D, Inventprise, Inc., Redmond, WA, USA.
Mary M WhalenViral Vaccines R&D, Inventprise, Inc., Redmond, WA, USA.
Michael J McCluskieHuman Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Yves DurocherLife Sciences - NRC Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Anup DattaBacterial Vaccines R&D, Inventprise, Inc., Redmond, WA, USA.
Subhash V KapreFounder and Chairman, Inventprise, Inc., Redmond, WA, USA.
Ivan A OlaveViral Vaccines R&D, Inventprise, Inc., Redmond, WA, USA. Electronic address: ivan@inventprise.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic necessitated effective vaccines that can endure antigenic mutations. Here we demonstrate highly immunogenic conjugate vaccines that elicit broad cross-neutralization to variants of concern (VOC) in animal studies. By utilizing protein-protein conjugation and Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) agonist adjuvants we achieve enhanced immunogenicity compared to unconjugated equivalents. These vaccine candidates induced broad cross-protection against several VOC, a characteristic lacking in early COVID-19 vaccines. Murine neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers from animals vaccinated with Beta-only conjugates were equivalent between Beta, Delta, Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/BA.5 variants, which were circulating up to three years after the antigenic Beta strain. Additionally, Beta-Delta bivalent conjugate vaccines readily prevented disease in hamster challenge. Together this demonstrates a vaccine with remarkably broad cross-protection and potential to protect for extended periods despite mutations, without requiring modified boosters or antigen adaption. These techniques can be applied to more recent SARS-CoV-2 strains, and other viruses, highlighting the benefits of protein-protein conjugation coupled with TLR agonist secondary adjuvants.

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesSARS-CoV-2Adjuvants, ImmunologicAnimalsAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralCricetinaeCross ProtectionFemaleHumansImmunogenicity, VaccineMiceMice, Inbred BALB CSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusVaccines, ConjugateAdjuvants, ImmunologicAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralCOVID-19 VaccinesSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusVaccines, Conjugate

Identifiers

PMID40054138
PMCPMC12132043

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.