Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40053270›Full record

ReviewClinical reviews in allergy & immunology2025

Hereditary Angioedema with Normal C1 Inhibitor: an Updated International Consensus Paper on Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment.

Bruce L Zuraw, Konrad Bork, Laurence Bouillet, Sandra C Christiansen, Henriette Farkas, Anastasios E Germenis, Anete S Grumach, Allen Kaplan, Alberto López-Lera, Markus Magerl and 25 more

Abstract readReviewConsensus Statement
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Guideline
  2. Pooled it
  3. Prevalence and Incidence of Hereditary Angioedema: A Systematic Literature Review.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2026
    Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. [What are angioedemas and how are they classified?]Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2026
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

35 authors.

Bruce L Zuraw *Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0732, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. bzuraw@health.ucsd.edu.
Konrad Bork *Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Laurence BouilletUniversity Grenoble Alpes, T-RAIG Unit, CNRS, UMR 5525, TIMC, Grenoble, France.
Sandra C ChristiansenDepartment of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0732, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Henriette FarkasHungarian Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Anastasios E GermenisDepartment of Immunology & Histocompatibility, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Anete S GrumachAngioedema Center of Reference and Excellence (ACARE), Centro Universitario Faculdade de Medicina ABC (CEUFMABC), São Paulo, Brazil.
Allen KaplanMedical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
Alberto López-LeraHospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), CIBERER (U754), Madrid, Spain.
Markus MagerlAngioedema Center of Reference and Excellence (ACARE), Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Marc A RiedlDepartment of Medicine, Division of Allergy & Immunology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0732, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
Adil AdatiaDivision of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Aleena BanerjiDepartment of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Stephen BetschelDivision of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Isabelle Boccon-GibodUniversity Grenoble Alpes, T-RAIG Unit, CNRS, UMR 5525, TIMC, Grenoble, France.
Maria BovaDivision of Internal Medicine 2, Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, A. Cardarelli Hospital, Naples, Italy.
Henrik Balle BoysenHAE International (HAEi), Fairfax, VA, USA.
Teresa CaballeroHospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), CIBERER (U754), Madrid, Spain.
Mauro CancianDepartment of Systems Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Anthony J CastaldoHAE International (HAEi), Fairfax, VA, USA.
Danny M CohnDepartment of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Deborah CorcoranHAE International (HAEi), Fairfax, VA, USA.
Christian DrouetInstitut Cochin, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Paris, France.
Atsushi FukunagaDepartment of Dermatology, Division of Medicine for Function and Morphology of Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki-City, Osaka, Japan.
Michihiro HideDepartment of Dermatology, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
Constance H KatelarisImmunology & Allergy Unit, Dept of Medicine, Campbelltown Hospital and Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
Philip H LiDivision of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Hilary LonghurstDepartment of Medicine, University of Auckland and Department of Immunology, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
Jonny PeterDivision of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Fotis PsarrosDepartment of Allergy, Athens Naval Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Avner ReshefAngioedema Research Unit, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel.
Bruce RitchieDivision of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Christine N SelvaUS Hereditary Angioedema Association (HAEA), Fairfax, VA, USA.
Andrea ZanichelliOperative Unit of Medicine, Angioedema Center, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy.
Marcus Maurer *Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence (ACARE), Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) has been recognized for almost 150 years. The newest form of HAE, where C1 inhibitor levels are normal (HAE-nC1INH), was first described in 2000. Over the last two decades, new types of apparent non-mast cell-mediated angioedema with normal quantity and activity of C1INH have been described, in some cases with proven genetic pathogenic variants that co-segregate with angioedema expression within families. Like HAE due to C1INH deficiency, HAE-nC1INH patients are at risk of serious morbidity and mortality. Therefore, proactive management and treatment of HAE-nC1INH patients after an expert physician diagnosis is critically important. The underlying pathophysiology responsible for the angioedema has also been clarified in some of the HAE-nC1INH types. While several clinical guidelines and practice parameters including HAE-nC1INH have been published, we have made substantial progress in our understanding encompassing diagnostic criteria, pathophysiology, and treatment outcomes. HAE International (HAEi) and the US HAE Association (HAEA) convened a symposium of global HAE-nC1INH experts to synthesize our current knowledge in the area. Given the paucity of high-level evidence in HAE-nC1INH, all recommendations are based on expert opinion. This review and expert opinion on the best practice approach to diagnosing and treating HAE-nC1INH will support physicians to better manage patients with HAE-nC1INH.

Indexed as

Angioedemas, HereditaryComplement C1 Inhibitor ProteinDisease ManagementHumansComplement C1 Inhibitor ProteinBradykininDiagnosisHAEHAE-C1INHHAE-nC1INHPathophysiologyTreatment

Identifiers

PMID40053270
PMCPMC11889046

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.