ReviewEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery2025
Free-flap surgery with double innervation for smiling restoration in long standing facial paralysis: a literature review.
Review in European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Single-Stage Versus 2-Stage Facial Reanimation With a Free Functional Muscle Flap: Protocol for a Systematic Review.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeCurrently, free-flap surgery with double innervation is considered a reliable and effective treatment in case of long standing facial paralysis. This study aimed to provide a current review of the literature (the "current state of the art") on lower third of the facial reanimation in restoring the voluntary and spontaneous smile in adult population using dual innervation free flap surgery.
methodsWe conducted a comprehensive literature review of all relevant papers by searching the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library.
resultsWe included 12 retrospective studies involving 147 patients, five of which used the latissimus dorsi double innervation technique (42 patients) and seven of which investigated double innervation with a gracilis free flap (105 patients). In this review, we summarised the available data on smile recovery after free flap double innervation surgery. In half of the included studies, smiling was completely recovered.
conclusionsOur study confirms that free flap surgery with dual innervation for long-term paralysis of the lower third of the face can guarantee comparable results using latissimus dorsi or gracilis free flaps. The best option depends on the case, taking into account the surgeon's skills and experience, as well as the patient's wishes and expectations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.