Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40052546›Full record

ArticleJournal of food science2025

Comprehensive analysis of physical, chemical, and phenolic acid properties of powders derived from watermelon (Crimson Sweet) by-products.

Sultan Acun, Hülya Gül, Fadime Seyrekoğlu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of food science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Sultan AcunDepartment of Food Processing, Suluova Vocational School, Amasya University, Suluova, Amasya, Türkiye.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1954-6102
Hülya GülDepartment of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University, Çünür, Isparta, Türkiye.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-817X
Fadime SeyrekoğluDepartment of Food Processing, Suluova Vocational School, Amasya University, Suluova, Amasya, Türkiye.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9787-4115

Funding

Amasya Üniversitesi
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigated the physical, chemical, and phenolic properties of watermelon peel powder (WPP), watermelon rind powder (WRP), and watermelon seed powder (WSP) derived from watermelon (Crimson sweet) by-products (WBP). As these by-products are typically discarded as waste, the aim was to enhance their added value and explore their potential as sustainable functional food additives. WSP has the largest particle size among the samples. The highest water holding capacity was observed in WRP (8.89%) and oil holding capacity in WPP (4.09%), while WSP had the lowest (6.69% and 2.06%). WRP exhibited better rehydration and solubility, whereas WSP had lower values. WSP contained higher protein and lipid levels (29.46% and 43.0%), while WPP and WRP had greater dietary fiber (78.55% and 48.66%). In terms of mineral matters, Mg and K were substantially greater in WBP than Fe and Na; furthermore, WRP had more K and Mg than the rest. The total phenolic content was determined to be 2855, 3330, and 4196.5 mg GAE/100 g for the WRP, WSP and WPP, respectively. The antioxidant activity as measured by IC50 values, varied between 44.42 (WPP) and 121.29 mg/mL (WRP). A total of 47 phenolic acids were characterised, with genistein being the most abundant compound identified at 10147.1 µg/kg throughout all three powders. In conclusion, these findings highlight the potential of WBP as a sustainable ingredient for the food industry, offering both high nutritional value and functional properties. By valorizing watermelon by-products, this study contributes to waste reduction and supports the development of eco-friendly, nutrient-rich food formulations.

Indexed as

Biological ProductsCitrullusHydroxybenzoatesPowdersAntioxidantsDietary FiberFood AdditivesFood AnalysisMagnesiumPotassiumSeedsWaste ProductsAntioxidantsBiological ProductsDietary FiberFood AdditivesHydroxybenzoatesMagnesiumphenolic acidPotassiumPowdersWaste Productsantioxidant activitybulk densitydietary fiberphenolicsPowder quality

Identifiers

PMID40052546
PMCPMC11887010

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.