ArticleCancer science2025
FN1 Immunoregulation in Glioblastoma: Insights From Neutrophil-Centric Studies.
Article in Cancer science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Improving pancreatic adenocarcinoma prognosis models through ligand receptor interactions and histopathological integration.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- The mechanism of fibronectin 1 promoting papillary thyroid cancer progression by regulating anoikis resistance.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-galectin-3 fusion protein remodels inflammatory and fibrotic programs, ameliorating imiquimod-induced psoriasis.npj biomedical innovations · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Neutrophils, as key components of the tumor microenvironment, play a crucial role in cancer progression and prognosis. This study aimed to identify a neutrophil-related gene signature to improve prognostic predictions and explore potential immunotherapy targets for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. Through co-expression analysis, 60 neutrophil-associated genes were identified, showing significant enrichment in 159 Gene Ontology terms and eight KEGG pathways. Among these, 10 genes were significantly associated with patient survival, leading to the development of a six-gene risk model termed the Neutrophil-Related Gene Prognostic Index (NRGPI). The NRGPI predicted overall survival (OS) in both training and validation cohorts (p < 0.05), with enhanced prognostic accuracy when combined with clinicopathological factors. Higher NRGPI scores were correlated with worse OS, increased mortality, and more aggressive disease progression. Immune profiling linked NRGPI to immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint expression, and tumor mutation burden, suggesting its potential in identifying candidates for immunotherapy. Among the identified genes, FN1 emerged as a central regulator, associated with immune cell composition and poor prognosis. Pan-cancer analysis revealed consistent upregulation of FN1 across cancer types, underscoring its broad clinical relevance. Additionally, tissue microarray analysis using multiplex immunofluorescence on 84 GBM samples confirmed co-expression of FN1, SDC1, and TWIST1, with higher levels associated with reduced survival. These findings establish NRGPI as a valuable prognostic biomarker for GBM, offering novel insights into the immune landscape and positioning FN1 as a promising therapeutic target for further investigation in GBM treatment.
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Registered trials
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