ArticleEuropean journal of case reports in internal medicine2025
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Secondary to Dengue Fever.
Article in European journal of case reports in internal medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome often misdiagnosed due to its rarity and overlapping symptoms with sepsis or organ dysfunction. This case report describes a 52-year-old male who developed dengue-induced HLH after traveling to Barbados, presenting with multi-organ failure and laboratory abnormalities, including hyperferritinaemia and elevated IL-2R. Diagnosed via bone marrow biopsy, he was treated with corticosteroids and the IL-1R antagonist anakinra, leading to recovery. Dengue-associated HLH in adults is rare but rising due to increased global dengue incidence. Early recognition and tailored treatment are critical for improved outcomes. LEARNING POINTS: Internists must maintain a high index of suspicion for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in febrile patients with multi-organ dysfunction and hyperferritinaemia.This case addresses the diagnostic and therapeutic voids in adult HLH management, offering a practical framework for internists treating complex cases of infection-triggered hyperinflammatory syndromes.
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