ReviewCancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.)2025
Sophisticated roles of tumor microenvironment in resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Review in Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in liver diseases: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic interventions.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Dual-targeted lipid nanoparticles for TET3 siRNA delivery: nanobiotechnology strategy to remodel tumor immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- NAT10 and ac4C modification in cancer immunity and metabolism: emerging mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of bidirectional crosstalk between hepatic stellate cell-derived cancer-associated fibroblasts and T cells in immune evasion and therapeutic resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- RNF145 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis through Ubiquitination and Degradation of PCDH9.Oncology research · 2026Article
- Structural and temporal dynamics analysis of PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: History, research hotspots, and emerging trends.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Clinical pathological significance and biological functions of APIP in hepatocellular carcinoma.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- Expression of PDZ domain-containing proteins is correlated with prognosis and immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- Adrenomedullin orchestrates treatment resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma via immune microenvironment remodeling.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- Berberine suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression by blocking IL-4-JAK1-STAT6-mediated M2 polarization of macrophage.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Case Report: Successful Surgical Resection of PVTT Vp4 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Following Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy Combined with Cadonilimab Plus Donafenib.Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2025Article
- IRE1α modulates M1 oncolytic virus sensitivity via ER stress regulation in bladder cancer.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a serious threat to global health, with rising incidence and mortality rates. Therapeutic options for advanced HCC are quite limited, and the overall prognosis remains poor. Recent advancements in immunotherapy, particularly immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) targeting anti-PD1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA4, have facilitated a paradigm shift in cancer treatment, demonstrating substantial survival benefits across various cancer types, including HCC. However, only a subset of HCC patients exhibit a favorable response to ICB therapy, and its efficacy is often hindered by the development of resistance. There are many studies to explore the underlying mechanisms of ICB response. In this review, we compiled the latest progression in immunotherapies for HCC and systematically summarized the sophisticated mechanisms by which components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) regulate resistance to ICB therapy. Additionally, we also outlined some scientific rationale strategies to boost antitumor immunity and enhance the efficacy of ICB in HCC. These insights may serve as a roadmap for future research and help improve outcomes for HCC patients.
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