ArticleArthritis care & research2025
Global Trends in Risk Factors for Low Back Pain: An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study Data From 1990 to 2021.
Article in Arthritis care & research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pain Resilience Therapy vs. Pain Neuroscience Education for Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain: Secondary Analysis of Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial of Risk and Resilience Factors.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Leisure-time physical activity and low back pain in Switzerland: results from the 2022 cross-sectional Swiss Health Survey.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence in Spine Neuroimaging: Diagnostic and Prognostic Utility of Novel Biomarkers in Lower Back Pain.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Smoking-attributable low-back pain disability in China versus high income countries among adults aged 20-54 years, 1990-2023: A secondary dataset analysis of GBD 2023.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Toward function-oriented, neuroscience-based spine care in older adults: a structured narrative review and translational synthesis.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Global Co-Burden and Risk Factors of Low Back Pain and Osteoarthritis: Analysis of Global Burden of Disease 2021 Data Based on Machine Learning and SHAP.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of low back pain in postmenopausal women from 1990 to 2021: a comprehensive analysis using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe increasing burden associated with low back pain (LBP) is a critical issue. This is a novel analysis of trends in risk factors for LBP aiming to identify risk factors that require further attention or consideration in global policies to reduce the burden of LBP.
methodsThe Global Burden of Disease study metadata were used to describe the trends in three modifiable categories of risk factors that contribute to the burden associated with LBP. The trends in occupational/ergonomic, behavioral (smoking), and metabolic (high body mass index [BMI]) risk factors for LBP between 1990 and 2021 have been described with attention to global areas, high sociodemographic index (SDI) areas, and low SDI areas.
resultsThe number of years lived with disability (YLDs) caused by LBP increased globally, in high and low SDI areas between 1990 and 2021. The impact of smoking and occupational/ergonomic risk factors have decreased; however, the impact of high BMI has increased markedly in the same time frame, with a particularly concerning impact in high SDI areas and on women.
conclusionThe burden of LBP is increasing globally, with a significant proportion of the YLDs caused by LBP attributed to three modifiable lifestyle factors: occupation/ergonomics, smoking, and high BMI. Of significant concern is the rapidly increasing impact of high BMI on YLDs caused by LBP, with the greatest impact seen among women in low and high SDI areas. The role of additional risk factors (eg, physical inactivity) still needs to be determined in the context of the global burden of LBP.
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