ArticleBMC infectious diseases2025
Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to control influenza spread among children in primary school and kindergarten: class-suspension or symptom-based isolation?
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Network pharmacology-guided optimization of Semen Sojae Praeparatum fermentation for enhanced anti-influenza efficacy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Class-acquired influenza is more severe than non-class-acquired influenza: a survey for multi-school teachers.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNon-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are critical for influenza control and prevention, however, the data about such interventions are insufficient among students in grades below middle school. Hence, this study aims to explore the effectiveness of NPIs (class-suspension and symptom-based isolation) on the control of influenza spread among children in primary school and kindergarten. Findings will support evidence-based strategies for influenza control among children enrolled in primary schools and kindergartens.
methodsWe purposively selected two regions (Zigong and Nanan) in Southwest China as study places, and class-suspension and symptom-based isolation was conducted in the two regions, respectively. RT (effective reproduction number) value, incidence cases, and attack rate were considered as outcome indicators. R4.1.2 software was used to conduct statistical analysis, and p < 0.05 (two-tailed) was considered as statistically significant.
resultsIn total, 593 students in the Nanan district received symptom-based isolation while 1340 students in Zigong city received class-suspension. The vaccination rate of Zigong (21.27%) was much greater than Nanan (8.26%) (p < 0.001). Parents in the Nanan were more highly educated, with undergraduate, master and above degrees, compared to parents in the Zigong (p < 0.05). Though there was no statistical significance difference in RT between Nanan (1.23) and Zigong (1.16) after quarantine and control measures were conducted, the RT value in the two regions was sharply decreased. The incident cases after class-suspension was much higher than symptom-based isolation in both kindergarten and primary school. The attack rate had a significant difference between class-suspension and symptom-based isolation in primary school (p < 0.05).
conclusionsBoth symptom-based isolation and class-suspension are effective measures in control of influenza spread, and symptom-based isolation are more effective than class-suspension in primary school. Health education and daily surveillance are needed in the control and prevention of influenza.
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