Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40050660›Full record

ArticleNature food2025

Optimal farm size reduces global poverty-induced soil antibiotic exposure risk.

Fangkai Zhao, Yinshuai Li, Xingwu Duan, Haw Yen, Lei Yang, Yong Huang, Qingyu Feng, Long Sun, Shoujuan Li, Min Li and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Nature food, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Fangkai ZhaoSchool of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5683-7868
Yinshuai LiSchool of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Xingwu DuanMinistry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
Haw YenSchool of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
Lei YangState Key Laboratory for Ecological Security of Regions and Cities, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. leiyang@rcees.ac.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3846-2900
Yong HuangInstitute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
Qingyu FengState Key Laboratory for Ecological Security of Regions and Cities, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Long SunState Key Laboratory for Ecological Security of Regions and Cities, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Shoujuan LiYunnan Research Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Kunming, China.
Min LiState Key Laboratory for Ecological Security of Regions and Cities, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Liding ChenSchool of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China. liding@ynu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8713-8552

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 42201121State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology (SKLURE) SKLURE2023-2-1Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department (Yunnan Department of Science and Technology) 202302AO370012Yunnan University (YNU) CZ22621211Yunnan University (YNU) CZ22623101
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Farming activities contribute to soil antibiotic pollution, posing health risks for rural farm workers, especially on small farms in impoverished regions. The effectiveness of large farms in reducing poverty-induced soil antibiotic exposure risk (SABER) remains uncertain. Here we integrate global datasets on concentration of soil antibiotics, rural farm-worker employments and on-farm working hours to quantify SABER. We find that exposure-weighted relative populations are concentrated in underdeveloped regions, particularly East Africa and South and Southeast Asia. A 1,000 ha farm is optimal for SABER reduction, farm employment and working hours, outperforming both smaller and larger farms. Establishing large farms in the top 20% of priority areas can cover 47.3-75.5% of SABER hotspots, while establishing large farms in the top 44% of priority areas achieves the highest coverage of SABER hotspots without substantial declines in rural employment. This approach offers practical strategies to mitigate SABER while maintaining rural farm-worker employment.

Indexed as

AgricultureAnti-Bacterial AgentsFarmsPovertySoilSoil PollutantsFarmersHumansRural PopulationAnti-Bacterial AgentsSoilSoil Pollutants

Identifiers

PMID40050660

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.