ArticleAesthetic plastic surgery2025
Mastectomy Alone or with Immediate Breast Reconstruction: Trend, Precipitating Factors, Patients Reported Outcome, and Oncologic Safety Analysis with and without Propensity Score Matching from 3759 Mastectomy Patients.
Article in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparing Immediate Breast Reconstruction Rates in Rural and Urban Populations: A Global Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Comparer les taux de reconstruction mammaire immédiate dans les populations rurales et urbaines : une analyse systématique et méta-analyse globales.Plastic surgery (Oakville, Ont.) · 2026Review
- The Role of Indocyanine Green Angiography and Axillary Reverse Mapping in Breast Reconstruction Surgery.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn the current study, we surveyed the trend of breast cancer operations in the past two decades and compared mastectomy alone or with immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) with the measurement of the outcome reported by patients and oncologic safety evaluation.
methodsA retrospective study surveyed the trends in breast cancer surgery methods at a single institution between January 2000 and December 2021. Clinical manifestations, outcomes, patient-reported outcome measures, and oncologic safety evaluations between mastectomy alone or with IBR were analyzed, with and without propensity score matching (PSM).
resultsThe trend of breast cancer operations showed that breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and mastectomy with IBR were increasing while mastectomy alone was decreasing. Among the 3759 patients who underwent mastectomies, 1091 (29%) patients had mastectomy with IBR while 2668 (71%) received mastectomy alone. In multivariate analysis, age less than 45 years, breast magnetic resonance imaging before surgery, luminal A subtype, nipple-sparing mastectomy, oncoplastic reconstructive breast surgeon, and high-volume surgeon were important independent factors for mastectomy with IBR. Mastectomy with IBR was associated with better patient-reported cosmetic results than mastectomy alone and comparable to BCS. After PSM and a median follow-up of 106.1 months, there was no difference in Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis between patients who underwent mastectomy alone or mastectomy with IBR in terms of locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis or overall survival.
conclusionsMastectomy with IBR demonstrated better reported cosmetic outcomes and comparable oncologic safety compared to mastectomy alone. Independent factors promoting IBR were identified, which could help increase the breast reconstruction rate. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Registered trials
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