Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40047874›Full record

ReviewInternational orthopaedics2025

Anatomical considerations, diagnosis, and treatment of medial and posterolateral elbow rotatory instability in athletes: an arthroscopic perspective and literature review.

Michail Kotsapas, Dimitrios Giotis, Frantzeska Zampeli, Vasileios Giannatos, Christos Koutserimpas, Zinon Kokkalis, Dimitrios Karadimos, Christos Koukos

Abstract readReview
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In one paragraph

Review in International orthopaedics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Michail KotsapasDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, General Hospital of Naoussa, Naoussa, Greece.
Dimitrios GiotisOrthopaedic Department, General Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece. dimitris.p.giotis@gmail.com.
Frantzeska ZampeliHand-Upper Limb-Microsurgery Department, KAT Attica General Hospital, Kifissia, Greece.
Vasileios GiannatosMedical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Christos KoutserimpasOrthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine Department, Croix-Rousse University Hospital, Lyon, France.
Zinon KokkalisDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece.
Dimitrios KaradimosDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, General Hospital of Ptolemaida, Ptolemaida, Greece.
Christos KoukosSports Trauma and Pain Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeElbow joint instability results from the disruption of one or more stabilizing anatomical structures. The two most common forms of instability are posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI) and medial elbow instability (MEI), particularly in athletes. This review aims to explore the anatomical foundations, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic approaches for PLRI and MEI in athletes.

methodsA comprehensive literature review was performed to investigate the study objective.

resultsRegarding the anatomical background, the primary stabilizing structures of the elbow joint include the humeroulnar joint (trochlea, olecranon, and coronoid process), the medial collateral ligament (MCL), and the lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL). PLRI is primarily caused by LUCL insufficiency, while MEI results from MCL dysfunction. A thorough clinical evaluation, combined with advanced imaging-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or MR arthrography is essential for an accurate diagnosis. For high-level athletes, surgical intervention is often required, with the timing and type of surgery tailored to the athlete's specific needs, expectations, and the chronicity of the injury.

conclusionPLRI and MEI present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, especially in athletes. Advanced imaging and clinical evaluation are crucial for the diagnosis. Surgical intervention, particularly arthroscopy, is often required for optimal outcomes.

Indexed as

ArthroscopyAthletic InjuriesElbow InjuriesElbow JointJoint InstabilityAthletesCollateral Ligament, UlnarHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingElbow arthroscopyElbow instabilityElbow surgical anatomyMedial collateral ligamentMedial elbow instabilityPosterolateral rotatory elbow instability

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.