ArticleGlobal public health2025
From policy to practice: syndemic and intersectional challenges to ART adherence for transgender women under India's post-test and treat policy.
Article in Global public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Psychosocial Mechanisms Linking Intersecting Stigmas and Condomless Anal Sex Among Transgender Women in India.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Misinformation, Social Media, and Myths About Injectable ART: Communication Barriers to HIV Care Among Transgender Women in India.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Breaking barriers: access to services among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) in Jharkhand - a convergent mixed methods study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Multilevel Syndemic Profiles Impacting Optimal ART Adherence among Trans Women Living with HIV in Mumbai and New Delhi, India: A Latent Class Analysis.International journal of transgender health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Transgender women (TGW) in India face one of the highest HIV prevalence rates among key populations in India, yet data on their engagement in the HIV care cascade is limited. This study investigates barriers and supportive factors for adhering to antiretroviral therapy (ART), which is vital for achieving viral suppression, reducing transmission risk to nearly zero (i.e. undetectable = utransmittable; U = U), and enhancing the quality of life for TGW living with HIV. Between July and September 2023, trained community recruiters recruited 30 TGW living with HIV in Mumbai and New Delhi, India. Using intersectionality and syndemic theory as guiding frameworks, we purposively sampled and conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews. The interviews revealed four main themes - two barriers and two supportive factors influencing ART adherence: the impact of poverty on syndemic factors, intersectional stigma and discrimination, empowerment to overcome barriers, and the influence of inclusive government programmes and policies in improving TGW's access to ART. Despite the availability of free ART immediately after diagnosis under India's 'test and treat' policy, economic instability and intersecting stigma hinder adherence. Our findings reveal that holistic interventions focusing on economic support, stigma reduction, and personal and collective empowerment might improve ART adherence among TGW in India.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.