ArticleFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2025
Non-ischemic phenotypes of low-risk chest pain patients based on exercise stress echocardiography: a pilot study.
Article in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: A significant proportion (∼85%) of low-risk non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) patients do not receive objective confirmation of ischemia by stress echocardiography (SE), yet remain a healthcare burden due to lower long-term survival and overuse of medical services. We aimed to identify non-ischemic phenotypes in low-risk NSTE-ACS patients by analyzing a wide range of parameters available during exercise SE. Methods: Inpatients [ Results: The majority (90%) of patients presented with one or more abnormal stress biomarkers. Cluster analysis revealed six phenotypes, four of which were classified as non-ischemic and identified in 65 (63%) patients. Non-ischemic phenotypes differed in the prevalence of hypertensive response, reduced CR, and reduced HRR. Among patients with non-ischemic phenotypes, the incidence of coronary artery disease was low (23%). Conclusions: Four non-ischemic phenotypes of low-risk NSTE-ACS patients were identified: "near-normal type," "inotropic insufficiency type," "hypertensive type," and "chronotropic insufficiency type." Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term significance of the obtained phenotypes.
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