Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40046663›Full record

ReviewRoyal Society open science2025

The academic impact of Open Science: a scoping review.

Thomas Klebel, Vincent Traag, Ioanna Grypari, Lennart Stoy, Tony Ross-Hellauer

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Royal Society open science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. When evidence meets artificial intelligence.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026
    Review
  3. Our AI-Powered Discoveries Are Trapped in a Predigital System.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Thomas KlebelOpen and Reproducible Research Group, Know Center Research GmbH, Graz, Austria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7331-4751
Vincent TraagCentre for Science and Technology Studies (CWTS), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-3879
Ioanna GrypariAthena Research Center, Marousi, Greece.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7485-1591
Lennart StoyTechnopolis Group, Brussels, Belgium.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3827-9815
Tony Ross-HellauerOpen and Reproducible Research Group, Know Center Research GmbH, Graz, Austria.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4470-7027

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Open Science seeks to make research processes and outputs more accessible, transparent and inclusive, ensuring that scientific findings can be freely shared, scrutinized and built upon by researchers and others. To date, there has been no systematic synthesis of the extent to which Open Science (OS) reaches these aims. We use the PRISMA scoping review methodology to partially address this gap, scoping evidence on the academic (but not societal or economic) impacts of OS. We identify 485 studies related to all aspects of OS, including Open Access (OA), Open/FAIR Data (OFD), Open Code/Software, Open Evaluation and Citizen Science (CS). Analysing and synthesizing findings, we show that the majority of studies investigated effects of OA, CS and OFD. Key areas of impact studied are citations, quality, efficiency, equity, reuse, ethics and reproducibility, with most studies reporting positive or at least mixed impacts. However, we also identified significant unintended negative impacts, especially those regarding equity, diversity and inclusion. Overall, the main barrier to academic impact of OS is lack of skills, resources and infrastructure to effectively re-use and build on existing research. Building on this synthesis, we identify gaps within this literature and draw implications for future research and policy.

Indexed as

academic impactCitizen ScienceFAIR DataOpen AccessOpen Sciencescoping review

Identifiers

PMID40046663
PMCPMC11879623

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.