Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40046564›Full record

ArticlePatient preference and adherence2025

Treatment Patterns and Healthcare Resource Utilization by Gender and Migraine Frequency in Adult Patients Receiving Galcanezumab Versus Standard of Care Preventive Medications Over 24 months: A United States Retrospective Claims Study.

Oralee J Varnado, Michelle Vu, Erin K Buysman, Gilwan Kim, Gayle Allenback, Margaret Hoyt, Helen Trenz, Feng Cao, Lars Viktrup

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Patient preference and adherence, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Oralee J VarnadoEli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Michelle VuOptum Life Sciences, HEOR, Eden Prairie, MN, USA.
Erin K BuysmanOptum Life Sciences, HEOR, Eden Prairie, MN, USA.
Gilwan KimEli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Gayle AllenbackOptum Life Sciences, HEOR, Eden Prairie, MN, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9948-1750
Margaret HoytEli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Helen TrenzOptum Life Sciences, HEOR, Eden Prairie, MN, USA.
Feng CaoOptum Life Sciences, HEOR, Eden Prairie, MN, USA.
Lars ViktrupEli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8739-0544

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: To describe 24-month treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), and direct costs of patients initiating galcanezumab (GMB) versus standard of care migraine preventive medications (SOC), stratified by gender and migraine type. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used Optum's Results: Following stratification and matching, the GMB and SOC cohorts included the following patient pairs: 2015-female, 292-male, 1024-CM, and 1282-EM. Treatment adherence, measured by proportion of days covered, and median time to treatment discontinuation were significantly greater in those initiating GMB compared with SOC in females, males, patients with CM, and patients with EM (all Conclusion: While direct costs over 24 months were higher in patients initiating GMB for migraine prevention, better adherence and longer treatment duration with GMB regardless of gender or migraine type support the use of GMB compared with SOC.

Indexed as

CGRP mAbsdirect costshealthcare resource utilizationmigraine preventiontreatment patterns

Identifiers

PMID40046564
PMCPMC11881638

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.