Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40046001›Full record

ArticlePNAS nexus2025

The rebound curve is a poor model of resilience.

Daniel A Eisenberg, Thomas P Seager, David L Alderson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PNAS nexus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Daniel A EisenbergDepartment of Operations Research, Naval Postgraduate School, 1 University Circle, Monterey, CA 93943, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2514-8258
Thomas P SeagerSchool of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 1151 South Forest Drive, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7354-252X
David L AldersonDepartment of Operations Research, Naval Postgraduate School, 1 University Circle, Monterey, CA 93943, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1641-5302

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The rebound curve remains the most prevalent model for conceptualizing, measuring, and explaining resilience for engineering and community systems by tracking the functional robustness and recovery of systems over time. (It also goes by many names, including the resilience curve, the resilience triangle, and the system functionality curve, among others.) Despite longstanding recognition that resilience is more than rebound, the curve remains highly used, cited, and taught. In this article, we challenge the efficacy of this model for resilience and identify fundamental shortcomings in how it handles system function, time, dynamics, and decisions - the key elements that make up the curve. These oversimplifications reinforce misconceptions about resilience that are unhelpful for understanding complex systems and are potentially dangerous for guiding decisions. We argue that models of resilience should abandon the use of this curve and instead be reframed to open new lines of inquiry that center on improving adaptive capacity in complex systems, rather than on functional rebound. We provide a list of questions to help future researchers communicate these limitations and address any implications on recommendations derived from its use.

Indexed as

critical infrastructureemergency managementengineeringresilience

Identifiers

PMID40046001
PMCPMC11880801

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.