Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40045435›Full record

ArticleCardio-oncology (London, England)2025

Incidence and survival outcomes of myocarditis and pericardial diseases associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

Aya F Ozaki, Michael Sayer, Hirofumi Hamano, Misako Nagasaka, Benjamin J Lee, Jean Doh, Ali Naqvi, Nareh Nowrouzi, Yoshito Zamami, Pranav M Patel

Abstract readLetter
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cardio-oncology (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  4. Review
  5. Machine learning approaches to predict early cardiac immune-related adverse events in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Aya F OzakiSchool of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, 802 W Peltason Dr, Room 106A, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA. afozaki@uci.edu.
Michael SayerSchool of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, 802 W Peltason Dr, Room 106A, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
Hirofumi HamanoDepartment of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
Misako NagasakaDivision of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Benjamin J LeeDepartment of Pharmacy, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Jean DohDepartment of Pharmacy, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Ali NaqviDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
Nareh NowrouziSchool of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, 802 W Peltason Dr, Room 106A, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
Yoshito ZamamiDepartment of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
Pranav M PatelDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionImmune checkpoint inhibitor(ICI) induced cardiac immune related adverse events are challenging to study; Leveraging large data bases like TriNetX global health network may provide needed insights.

methodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study including patients diagnosed neoplasm and 18 and older when receiving ICI therapy from 1/1/2011 to 12/31/2022. Queried ICD 9/10 codes identified patients experiencing myocarditis, pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and cardiac tamponade within 1 year of ICI initiation. Survival analyses compared one-year overall survival (OS) of patients experiencing cardiac irAEs against propensity score matched populations not experiencing them.

resultsIn 88,928 identified ICI patients, the incidence of myocarditis(0.48%), pericarditis(0.22%), and cardiac tamponade(0.47%) were less than 1% while pericardial effusion occurred in 4.71% of patients. Hazard ratios (HRs) were significantly higher in all cardiac irAE groups: myocarditis (HR:1.26, 95% CI:1.04-1.54, p = 0.02), pericarditis (HR:1.36, 95% CI:1.02-1.82, p = 0.04), pericardial effusion (HR:1.49, 95% CI:1.39-1.59, p < 0.0001), cardiac tamponade (HR:2.15, 95% CI:1.79-2.57, p < 0.0001), and overall pericardial disease (HR:1.46, 95% CI:1.37-1.56, p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in OS between myocarditis and pericarditis or overall pericardial diseases. DISCUSSION/

conclusionUtilizing a uniquely large cohort of ICI patients, this study further shows the rarity of cardiac inflammatory irAEs and highlights their significant impact on patient survival.

Indexed as

CardiotoxicityImmune checkpoint inhibitorsImmune-related adverse eventsMyocarditisOverall survival

Identifiers

PMID40045435
PMCPMC11881249

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.