ArticleRespiratory research2025
Disproportionately raised risk of adverse outcomes in patients with COPD and comorbid type 2 diabetes or depression: Swedish register-based cohort study.
Article in Respiratory research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Depression and Risk of Sudden Cardiac Death and Arrhythmias: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Targeting IL-33 in COPD: mechanistic lessons from clinical trials and the path forward.Respiratory research · 2026Review
- Validated prediction model for in hospital mortality in AECOPD with type 2 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Cardiometabolic Comorbidities in COPD: Focus on Diabetes, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, SGLT-2 Inhibitors and Antidiabetic Drugs.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Heart failure readmissions in urban and rural hospital settings: An analysis of 30-day readmissions using the 2021 Nationwide Readmissions Database.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2026Article
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - from Pathophysiology to Effective Management Overview.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Review
- Optimizing COPD Care in Belgium: A Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Risk Management.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Mortality Trends in Patients Aged 25 and Older With Comorbid COPD and Diabetes Mellitus in the United States: A CDC WONDER Database Study From 2000 to 2023.Canadian respiratory journal · 2026Article
- The Potential Impact of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Exacerbation Risk in Patients with COPD and Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-World Population-Based Observational Study.Pragmatic and observational research · 2026Article
- Development of a nomogram to predict 30-day mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated by sepsis: insights from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV) database.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Disease network analysis to reveal comorbidity patterns in hospitalized patients with COPD using large-scale administrative health data.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Airway sensory systems: breathing new life into microbiota-brain communication.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe aimed to examine if patients with COPD and comorbid type 2 diabetes, or COPD with comorbid depression or anxiety, had disproportionally raised excess risks of subsequent cardiovascular disease and mortality.
methodsThis general population-based cohort study used data from Swedish national registers, with follow-up during 2005-2018. Cox regression estimated risks of cardiovascular disease or mortality, producing hazard ratios (HR) with (95% confidence intervals). Interaction testing quantified disproportionally increased excess risks.
resultsAmong 5,624,306 individuals, 332,549 had a COPD diagnosis. Compared with individuals who did not have COPD or type 2 diabetes, all-cause mortality risk was higher for individuals who had either COPD or type 2 diabetes, with HR 2.68 (2.66-2.69) and 1.70 (1.69-1.71), respectively. Having both conditions produced an HR of 3.72 (3.68-3.76). Among cardiovascular outcomes, the highest risks were found for chronic heart failure: COPD only, HR 2.87 (2.84-2.90); type 2 diabetes only, 1.86 (1.84-1.88); and both, 4.55 (4.46-4.64). Having both COPD and type 2 diabetes was associated with disproportionally higher excess risks than expected from the sum of the individual diseases, except for cerebrovascular disease or ischemic heart disease. For COPD and depression/anxiety, all-cause mortality risk was associated with COPD only, HR 2.74 (2.72-2.76); depression/anxiety only, 2.39 (2.38-2.40); and both 4.72 (4.68-4.75). Chronic heart failure was associated with COPD only, HR 2.74 (2.71-2.78); depression/anxiety only, 1.31 (1.30-1.32); and both, 3.45 (3.40-3.50). This disease combination was associated with disproportionally higher excess risks than expected, except for atrial fibrillation.
conclusionsType 2 diabetes or depression/anxiety in COPD patients were associated with disproportionally excess risks for cardiovascular disease and mortality. It is important for clinicians to be aware of these greater than expected risks, to prevent further cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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