Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40045276›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2025

Socio-demographic disparities in basic under-two immunization coverage: insights from the 2016 Malawi demographic and health survey.

Ololade Julius Baruwa, Monica Ewomazino Akokuwebe, Oluwafemi John Adeleye, Babatunde Makinde Gbadebo

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Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

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4citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Ololade Julius BaruwaCentre for Social Sciences Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa. baruwaololade@gmail.com.
Monica Ewomazino AkokuwebeSAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8945-345X
Oluwafemi John AdeleyeDepartment of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Babatunde Makinde GbadeboDepartment of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChildhood immunization is a vital component of public health, preventing the spread of infectious diseases and reducing child mortality. This study examines variations in basic immunization coverage across districts and explores socio-demographic disparities in immunization coverage among children aged 12-23 months in Malawi.

methodsThe study employed a cross-sectional design, utilizing data from the 2016 MDHS, a nationally representative survey. The analysis included 3,248 children aged 12-23 months. Socio-demographic variables, including the child's sex, maternal age, marital status (currently married), education, place of residence, region, wealth status, and employment status, were analysed using multivariate logistic regression models and a choropleth map to assess variations in basic immunization coverage across all 28 districts in Malawi.

resultsThe results showed that only 77.1% of children aged 12-23 months received basic immunization. The findings also highlighted significant variations in immunization coverage across different socio-demographic groups and among the 28 districts of Malawi. The highest coverage rates, ranging from 84.9 to 90.7%, were observed in Mwanza and Chiradzulu districts, while the lowest rates, between 65.3% and 68.0%, were found in Ntchisi, Blantyre, and Machinga districts. Multivariable analysis further indicated that children whose mothers were from a high household wealth index (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.15-1.82), residing in rural areas (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.20-2.01), currently married (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.10-1.61), and with secondary or higher education (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.11-2.21) were more likely to receive basic immunization.

conclusionThe study highlights low coverage of basic immunization in some districts as well as socio-demographic disparities in under-two immunization coverage in Malawi, necessitating tailored interventions such as educational campaigns and region-specific strategies.

Indexed as

Healthcare DisparitiesVaccination CoverageAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth SurveysHumansImmunization ProgramsInfantMalawiMaleSociodemographic FactorsSocioeconomic FactorsDemographic and health surveyImmunizationMalawiSocio-demographicVaccination

Identifiers

PMID40045276
PMCPMC11884079

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