Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40044953›Full record

ArticleParasitology research2025

Impact of climate change and variability on the occurrence and distribution of Trypanosoma vectors in The Gambia.

Alpha Kargbo, Stella Dafka, Aamir M Osman, Herve Kouakou Koua, Rafael F C Vieira, Joacim Rocklöv

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Parasitology research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Alpha KargboDepartment of Physical and Natural Sciences, University of the Gambia, P. O. Box 3530, Brikama Campus, Serrekunda, The Gambia. akargbo@utg.edu.gm.
Stella DafkaHeidelberg Institute of Global Health and Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Aamir M OsmanGraduate Program On Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Herve Kouakou KouaLaboratoire de Zoologie Et Biologie Animale, Université de Cocody, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
Rafael F C VieiraCenter for Computational Intelligence to Predict Health and Environmental Risks (CIPHER), University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, USA.
Joacim RocklövHeidelberg Institute of Global Health and Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany. joacim.rockloev@uni-heidelberg.de.

Funding

West African Service Centre of Climate Change and Adapted Land-Use Scholarship program funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research, WASCAL-Graduate Research Program in Climate Change 002019
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Extreme weather events can lead to infectious disease outbreaks, especially those spread by hematophagous flies, and The Gambia is particularly vulnerable to climate change. To the best of our knowledge, no one has ever documented the relationship between climate variability and change and the distribution of the hematophagous flies belonging to the families Glossinidae, Tabanidae, and Stomoxyinae. This paper aims to study the association of temperature and humidity on the distribution of the above species and their families in The Gambia in the recent past and to provide predictions of species abundance and occurrence in the future. A line transect survey was carried out in all the administrative regions of The Gambia to study the prevalence of the flies. Generalized additive models were used to analyze the relationships between the distribution of the insects and their families and the variability in climate conditions in the recent past and in three different future periods. Regarding the recent past, our results show that temperature has significantly impacted the presence of Glossinidae and Tabanidae species, with maximum temperature being the most important factor. Relative humidity was also statistically significantly associated with Tabanidae species. None of the climate variables was found to be associated with the Tabanus par and Tabanus sufis. Minimum temperature and relative humidity were statistically significantly associated with Glossina morsitan submorsitan, while maximum temperature was statistically significantly associated with Atylotus agrestis and Stomoxys calcitrans. Only relative humidity was statistically significantly associated with the Glossina palpalis gambiense. As for the future projections, the results show that rising temperatures impacted the distribution of Tabanus species, Glossina species, and Stomoxys calcitrans in The Gambia. The distribution of Trypanosoma vectors in The Gambia is mostly influenced by maximum temperature. The research's conclusions gave climate and public health policymakers crucial information to take into account.

Indexed as

Climate ChangeInsect VectorsTrypanosomaAnimalsGambiaHumidityTemperatureTrypanosomiasisAtylotus agrestisClimate changeGAMGlossinidaeTemperatureThe GambiaVector-borne diseases

Identifiers

PMID40044953
PMCPMC11882701

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.