ArticleBMJ open diabetes research & care2025
Medication prescribing and pregnancy-related risk factors for women with type 2 diabetes of reproductive age within primary care: a cross-sectional investigation for the PREPARED study.
Article in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Experiences of women with type 2 diabetes during the pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and postpartum periods: A systematic review of qualitative studies.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2025Pooled it
- A call to action: A consensus statement on knowledge gaps and research priorities on the management of women with early onset type 2 diabetes in the preconception, pregnancy and postnatal periods: A report from the Diabetic Medicine Symposium at the Diabetes UK Annual Professional Conference, 2025.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Article
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, Fertility Restoration, and Reproductive Safety in Women of Reproductive Age: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Prescribed medicines among pregnant women attending health facilities in Eritrea: patterns, safety, and determinants.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionWomen with type 2 diabetes are at risk of commencing pregnancy while using medications that are either not recommended for pregnancy or with known teratogenicity, which may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this study, we aimed to characterize pregnancy-related risk factors and medication exposures among women with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsIndividual health characteristics, sociodemographic information, and prescription data were extracted from the primary care records of women aged 18-45 years with type 2 diabetes in participating general practices in the UK. Prescribed medications were categorized according to suitability for pregnancy: recommended, not recommended, or not recommended but used if clinically indicated. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between individual characteristics and medications not recommended for pregnancy.
resultsData on 725 women were extracted. Prescribed medications suggested the presence of numerous comorbidities, with diabetes medications (65%, n=471) and statins (20%, n=145) most frequently prescribed. 37% (n=268) of women took ≥3 medications, and a third (n=269) took medications not recommended for pregnancy. Among those not prescribed contraception (89%, n=646), no one met all clinically recommended pre-pregnancy criteria. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, polypharmacy (OR 3.49 95% CI 2.88 to 4.30) and age (OR 1.04 95% CI 1.00 to 1.09) were associated with use of medications not recommended for pregnancy.
conclusionsWomen with type 2 diabetes have suboptimal contraceptive provision despite multiple exposures to medications not recommended for pregnancy. Regular assessment of contraceptive use, reproductive intentions, and medication review is urgently needed in primary care settings to minimize pregnancy-related risks.
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