SynthesisEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society2025
Lack of diversity in antifibrotic trials for pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review.
Synthesis in European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sarcopenia in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Phloridzin mitigates bleomycin-elicited lung fibrosis in Wistar rats: The interplay between antioxidant defenses, inflammatory processes, transforming growth factor beta 1, and autophagy.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
- Social determinants of health in clinical trials examining long-term oral antibiotics in COPD: a systematic review.ERJ open research · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionSocial determinants of health (SDH), including age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and rurality, influence health outcomes. Clinical trials investigating antifibrotic agents for people with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have been conducted in predominantly White and male populations; it is unclear whether other SDH have been considered. This study aimed to investigate active consideration and reporting of SDH in clinical trials of antifibrotic agents for people with IPF.
methodsThree registries (ClinicalTrials.gov, ANZCTR and International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN)) plus CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched for clinical trials investigating antifibrotic agents for people with IPF or various progressive fibrotic ILD variants registered from 1 January 2000 until 3 September 2023. Data were extracted regarding trial phase/status, recruitment strategies and eligibility criteria. If trial results were available, SDH data from demographics and subgroup analyses were extracted.
resultsOf 313 records identified, 70 trials were included. The majority of trials were phase II or III (77%), 56% were completed and 61% had reported results that included eight terminated trials. All 70 trials specified age and sex, but not other SDH, within their eligibility criteria. Of 43 trials reporting results, all reported age and sex and 40 (95%) reported ethnicity. 10 387 participants were described (74% male, 77% White, 16% Asian and <1% Black). Descriptors for ethnicity varied considerably. Five trials (12%) included only White participants and three (7%) included only Asian participants. No other SDH were reported.
conclusionsSDH beyond age, sex and ethnicity were neither considered nor reported in antifibrotic IPF trials. Trial populations were predominantly male and White. There is a need to actively consider SDH to ensure diverse and representative clinical trial populations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.