Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40044168›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of veterinary medical science2025

Comparison of immunogenicity of 17 Burkholderia mallei antigens and whole cell lysate using indirect ELISA.

Yoshiki Ichikawa, Yukiko Iinuma, Tomohiro Okagawa, Ryo Shimbo, Batchuluun Enkhtuul, Ochirbat Khurtsbaatar, Yuta Kinoshita, Hidekazu Niwa, Keisuke Aoshima, Atsushi Kobayashi and 3 more

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of veterinary medical science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Antibodies toMicroorganisms · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Yoshiki IchikawaLaboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.
Yukiko IinumaDepartment of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.
Tomohiro OkagawaDepartment of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.
Ryo ShimboLaboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.
Batchuluun EnkhtuulLaboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Ochirbat KhurtsbaatarLaboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Yuta KinoshitaEquine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi, Japan.
Hidekazu NiwaEquine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi, Japan.
Keisuke AoshimaLaboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.
Atsushi KobayashiLaboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.
Vanaabaatar BatbaatarLaboratory of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Kazuhiko OhashiDepartment of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.
Takashi KimuraLaboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glanders is a World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH)-notifiable equine disease caused by the infection of Burkholderia mallei, and is endemic in Mongolia, South Asia, Africa, and South America. While the complement fixation test (CFT) has been widely used for serodiagnosis of glanders and is considered a standard serological test, it has several limitations. These limitations include poor specificity, labor intensive techniques, variability in antigen and protocol. Consequently, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (iELISAs) based on recombinant proteins have been developed as alternative serodiagnostic assays to address some of the challenges associated with the CFT. The accuracy of iELISA relies on the B. mallei proteins used as an antigen. Hence, to determine the best diagnostic candidate in iELISA, in terms of sensitivity and specificity, a comparison of 17 immunogenic B. mallei proteins and detergent-based whole cell lysate (WCL) was performed. According to the sensitivity and specificity on the sera from glanderous and non-glanderous Mongolian native horses, iELISA using Hcp1, GroEL, and detergent-based WCL represented the highest diagnostic accuracy. These three candidates did not have cross-reactivity to horse sera with several other equine diseases. WCL, Hcp1, and GroEL showed considerable potential as antigens for iELISA in the serodiagnosis of glanders in Mongolia. Detergent-based WCL extraction offers a consistent approach for the preparation of reliable B. mallei antigen. WCL-iELISA should be further validated in a large-scale study to meet WOAH demands.

Indexed as

Antigens, BacterialBurkholderia malleiGlandersHorse DiseasesAnimalsAntibodies, BacterialEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayHorsesSensitivity and SpecificitySerologic TestsAntibodies, BacterialAntigens, BacterialBurkholderia malleiglandersindirect ELISAwhole cell lysate

Identifiers

PMID40044168
PMCPMC11964862

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.