Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40043706›Full record

ArticleCell stem cell2025

Coordinated differentiation of human intestinal organoids with functional enteric neurons and vasculature.

Charlie J Childs, Holly M Poling, Kevin Chen, Yu-Hwai Tsai, Angeline Wu, Abigail Vallie, Madeline K Eiken, Sha Huang, Caden W Sweet, Ryan Schreiner and 15 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell stem cell, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Guiding Principles: Reporting Elements for Gastrointestinal Organoid Research.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026
    Guideline
  2. Review
  3. Phenotypic switching of gastrointestinal smooth muscle cells and the regulatory role of macrophages: a literature review.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Building and regenerating intestines by manipulating intestinal stem cells.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026
    Review
  6. Advances in vascularized organoids.Chinese medical journal · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Mesoscale maladaptation in disease organoids.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. The role of kinase domain dimerization in EGFR activation.Structure (London, England : 1993) · 2026
    Article
  15. Review
  16. Organoids for disease modeling and treatment: state-of-the-art.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Charlie J ChildsDepartment of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Holly M PolingCenter for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati College of Engineering and Applied Science, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Kevin ChenHartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Yu-Hwai TsaiDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Angeline WuDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Abigail VallieGraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Madeline K EikenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan and University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Sha HuangDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Caden W SweetDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Ryan SchreinerHartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Margaret Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Zhiwei XiaoDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Ryan C SpencerDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Samantha A ParisDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Ansley S ConcholaGraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Jonathan W VillanuevaDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Meghan F AndermanDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Emily M HollowayDepartment of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Akaljot SinghCenter for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
Roman J GigerDepartment of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Maxime M MaheCenter for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Université de Nantes, INSERM, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France.
Claudia LoebelDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan and University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Michael A HelmrathCenter for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
Katherine D WaltonDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Shahin RafiiHartman Institute for Therapeutic Organ Regeneration, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Jason R SpenceDepartment of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan and University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Electronic address: spencejr@umich.edu.

Funding

Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research (MICHR)UM1TR004404 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Julie C Lumeng · 2023 to 2026
$39.8M
Stem Cell/Organoid and Genome Editing CoreP30DK078392 · NIDDK · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI Alexander Miethke · 2007 to 2026
$24.4M
University of Michigan Center for Gastrointestinal ResearchP30DK034933 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI OWYANG, CHUNG · 1986 to 2021
$22.5M
Consortium on Intestinal Regeneration and Fetal Reversion: from Atlas to TherapyRC2DK140862 · NIDDK · CEDARS-SINAI MEDICAL CENTER · PI SARAH E BLUTT, DARIO BOFFELLI · 2024 to 2026
$6.0M
Cellular and Molecular Biology at MichiganT32GM145470 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI John Chadwick Brenner · 2022 to 2026
$4.1M
Niche support of human intestinal stem cellsU01DK103141 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI SPENCE, JASON · 2014 to 2023
$3.9M
Mechanisms of Hedgehog Regulation of Intestinal Villus MorphogenesisR01DK121166 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI WALTON, KATHERINE DEMPSEY · 2019 to 2023
$1.8M
Human iPSC intestine mimetics with integrated mesenchymal, endothelial and enteric nervous tissueR01DK137806 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Jason Spence · 2024 to 2026
$1.5M
Investigating the Role of Epiregulin During Human Intestinal DevelopmentF31DK136196 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI CHILDS, CHARLIE · 2023 to 2024
$96k
NCATS NIH HHS UM1 TR004404NIDDK NIH HHS F31 DK136196NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK034933NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK078392NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK121166NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK137806NIDDK NIH HHS RC2 DK140862NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK103141NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM145470
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Human intestinal organoids (HIOs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells co-differentiate both epithelial and mesenchymal lineages in vitro but lack important cell types such as neurons, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle, which limits translational potential. Here, we demonstrate that the intestinal stem cell niche factor, EPIREGULIN (EREG), enhances HIO differentiation with epithelium, mesenchyme, enteric neuroglial populations, endothelial cells, and organized smooth muscle in a single differentiation, without the need for co-culture. When transplanted into a murine host, HIOs mature and demonstrate enteric nervous system function, undergoing peristaltic-like contractions indicative of a functional neuromuscular unit. HIOs also form functional vasculature, demonstrated in vitro using microfluidic devices and in vivo following transplantation, where HIO endothelial cells anastomose with host vasculature. These complex HIOs represent a transformative tool for translational research in the human gut and can be used to interrogate complex diseases as well as for testing therapeutic interventions with high fidelity to human pathophysiology.

Indexed as

Cell DifferentiationEnteric Nervous SystemIntestinesNeuronsOrganoidsAnimalsEndothelial CellsEpiregulinHumansMicePluripotent Stem CellsEpiregulindirected differentiationenteric neruonHIOhuman intestinal organoidsintestineorganoidspluripotentstem cellsvasculature

Identifiers

PMID40043706
PMCPMC11973701

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.