Trial reportCell metabolism2025
Testing the carbohydrate-insulin model: Short-term metabolic responses to consumption of meals with varying glycemic index in healthy adults.
Trial report in Cell metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT05804942 (Metabolic Response to Variations in Dietary Glycemic Index), which is not on this map. Cited by 7 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Metabolic Response to Variations in Dietary Glycemic Index
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Optimal dosage of exercise combined with intermittent fasting for body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of intermittent fasting on insulin resistance, lipid profile, and inflammation on metabolic syndrome: a GRADE assessed systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Intermittent fasting improves metabolic outcomes in metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis with GRADE evaluation.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Does the Carbohydrate-Insulin Model Explain Obesity? Evidence from Mechanistic and Clinical Studies: A Critical Review.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- How does obesity develop-and are specific foods to blame?Hepatobiliary surgery and nutrition · 2026Article
- Development and Validation of a Universal Eating Monitor (UEM) for Distinguishing the Intake of Multiple Foods and Macronutrients.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Commentary: The energy model of insulin resistance: a unifying theory linking seed oils to metabolic disease and cancer.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The carbohydrate-insulin model predicts that meals with varying glycemic indices will elicit distinct metabolic and hunger responses, including greater intake at subsequent meals following high-glycemic-index meals. To test this, a randomized trial (NCT05804942) was conducted in healthy adults using intervention meals with low, medium, and high glycemic indices and a constant macronutrient composition. After intake of the intervention meals, glucose and insulin followed the predicted pattern, but subjective hunger did not. At the group level, low glycemic index meals led to lower energy intake changes. At the individual level, energy intake changes were unrelated to body fatness or levels of glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate, free fatty acids, L-lactate, leptin, adrenaline, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucagon, and insulin-glucagon ratio. A weak negative association was observed between energy intake changes and insulin or insulin-glucagon ratio at 300 min, opposite to the model's prediction. These data provide little support for the carbohydrate-insulin model.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40043690What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.