Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40043351›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2025

Non-fatal opioid overdose and unmet need for medications for opioid use disorder among recently incarcerated people who inject drugs.

Valerie Madera-Garcia, Dita Broz, Amy R Baugher, Rebecca B Hershow, Sharoda Dasgupta, Alice Asher, Rose Hefferon, Nancy Worthington, Susan Cha, NHBS Study Group

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In one paragraph

Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Valerie Madera-GarciaEpidemic Intelligence Service Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road H24-5, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States; Division of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road H24-5, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States. Electronic address: nxj7@cdc.gov.
Dita BrozDivision of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road H24-5, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States.
Amy R BaugherDivision of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road H24-5, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States.
Rebecca B HershowDivision of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road H24-5, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States.
Sharoda DasguptaDivision of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road H24-5, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States.
Alice AsherDivision of Overdose Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, NE MS-F62, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States.
Rose HefferonDivision of Overdose Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, NE MS-F62, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States.
Nancy WorthingtonDivision of Overdose Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, NE MS-F62, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States.
Susan ChaDivision of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road H24-5, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States.
NHBS Study Group

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMedications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) are key to preventing opioid overdose. Despite the high risk of opioid overdose among recently incarcerated people who use drugs, missed opportunities for engagement in MOUD treatment persist in this population. We examined the association between unmet need for MOUD and non-fatal opioid overdose among recently incarcerated people who inject drugs (PWID) and assessed prevalence of non-fatal opioid overdose by selected characteristics.

methodsWe analyzed 2022 data from the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) system among PWID from 20 large U.S. cities. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) were calculated to examine the association between unmet need for MOUD and non-fatal opioid overdose.

resultsAmong 1648 recently incarcerated PWID, 28 % reported an unmet need for MOUD and 39 % reported a non-fatal opioid-involved overdose in the past 12 months. Experiencing homelessness in the last 12 months (aPR=1.43, 95 % CI=1.27-1.61) and living in the Midwest region of the U.S. (aPR=1.18, 95 % CI=1.01-1.38) were significantly associated with reporting a non-fatal opioid overdose. Recently incarcerated PWID with an unmet need for MOUD were 1.4 times as likely to report a non-fatal opioid overdose in the past 12 months (50 %; aPR=1.42, 95 % CI=1.29-1.56) compared with recently incarcerated PWID without an unmet need for MOUD (35 %).

conclusionsUnmet need for MOUD was significantly associated with non-fatal opioid overdose among PWID who were incarcerated in the past 12 months, suggesting the need to investigate specific strategies to improve to MOUD treatment among recently incarcerated PWID.

Indexed as

Drug OverdoseHealth Services Needs and DemandOpiate OverdoseOpioid-Related DisordersPrisonersSubstance Abuse, IntravenousAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceUnited StatesYoung AdultDrug injectionMedications for opioid use disorderNational HIV Behavioral SurveillanceNon-fatal opioid overdoseOverdose prevention

Identifiers

PMID40043351
PMCPMC12403188

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.