SynthesisJournal of neurology2025
Antibody-positive paraneoplastic neurological syndromes associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Journal of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Driving innovation in cancer symptom science through translational research: bridging science and practice.Current opinion in supportive and palliative care · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesThis study aimed to describe the clinical and prognostic characteristics of antibody-positive paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
methodsWe conducted a systematic review of relevant publications in PubMed and Embase from inception to December 2023. Patients with positive anti-neuronal antibodies who had a definite, probable, or possible diagnosis of PNS based on the 2021 PNS-Care Score criteria were included.
resultsA total of 76 records with 108 antibody-positive ICI-PNS patients were included in this systematic review. According to the updated 2021 criteria, 60.2% of patients were classified as definite PNS, 29.6% as probable PNS, and 10.2% as possible PNS. The median age was 66 years (range: 26-82), and 56.5% of patients were male. The most frequently associated tumors included lung cancer, melanoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma, and 72.2% of patients developed neurological symptoms within 6 months after ICIs treatment. The most common clinical phenotypes were limbic encephalitis (35.2%), rapidly progressive cerebellar syndrome (19.4%), and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (13.0%), while the most common autoantibodies were anti-Hu (34.3%), anti-Ma2 (16.7%), and anti-P/Q VGCC (14.8%) antibodies. CSF inflammation was observed in 63.0% patients, predominantly lymphocytic. Corticosteroids were the mainstay of immunotherapy (90.9%), followed by intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and plasma exchange. Outcome information was reported for 103 patients. The median follow-up was 4 months (IQR: 2, 10), and 56.3% of patients showed improvement, while 37.0% of patients died at the last follow-up. Patients with anti-Hu or anti-Ma2 antibodies had a higher proportion of deterioration and mortality (P < 0.05).
conclusionLimbic encephalitis and anti-Hu antibody are relatively common in antibody-positive ICI-PNS, and most patients present with CSF inflammation. Discontinuation of ICIs and corticosteroids are the main treatments. High-risk antibodies may be a risk factor for an unfavorable prognosis, particularly anti-Hu and anti-Ma2 antibodies.
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