ArticleJournal of immigrant and minority health2025
Examining the Presence of Border Patrol Agents in Hospitals in South Texas.
Article in Journal of immigrant and minority health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Increasing Immigration Enforcement in the Hospital Setting: Public Health Risks and Guidance for Hospitals and Healthcare Professionals.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2026Article
- Behavioral health needs of newcomer patients in a pediatric emergency department.International journal for equity in health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
U.S. policy dictates that immigration enforcement should not take place in or near "sensitive locations," such as healthcare facilities, but Border Patrol agents are often required to accompany detained border crossers to hospitals for medical care. There is little understanding of the presence of Border Patrol agents within healthcare facilities. This study is the first to examine the presence of Border Patrol agents in healthcare settings and its possible impact on the willingness of undocumented individuals to access healthcare. We conducted interviews with 57 emergency medical services (EMS) personnel working in one county in South Texas. Interviews were held between November 2023- January 2024. Interview transcripts were coded using NVivo 14 and thematic analysis was performed on the transcript data. There is a regular, highly visible Border Patrol presence in healthcare settings in the community of study. In many cases, participants stated that they saw Border Patrol agents every time they brought a patient to the hospital. Hospitals are listed as sensitive locations for immigration enforcement, but policies that require agents to accompany detained border crossers result in a near constant presence of Border Patrol agents in hospitals. The regular, visible presence of Border Patrol agents at hospitals in the study community may deter community residents without legal status from seeking healthcare.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.