Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40042542›Full record

ArticleClinical oral investigations2025

Oral health in adolescents: periodontal inflammatory biomarkers during orthodontic clear aligner therapy.

Carolin Kredig, Eva Peuckert, Irene Schmidtmann, Thomas Drechsler, Christina Erbe

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07506993 recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Molar-Specific Inflammatory Biomarkers in Adolescents Using Clear Aligners With and Without Attachments

TypeobservationalSponsorUniversity of NebraskaRan2026 to 2027Enrolled30ConditionsPeriodontal Inflammation
NCT07533058 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

The Influence of Finishing Clear Aligner Marginal Termination Design on Subgingival Periodontal Microbiota Composition During Orthodontic Treatment: A Prospective Longitudinal Split-Mouth Study.

TypeinterventionalSponsorGeorge Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Targu MuresRan2026 to 2026Enrolled36ConditionsPeriodontal Diseases, Malocclusion, Oral HealthArmsCA Pro tri-layer finishing clear aligner (SCHEU-DENTAL GmbH)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Carolin KredigDepartment of Orthodontics, University Medical Center at the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany. carolin.kredig@unimedizin-mainz.de.
Eva PeuckertDepartment of Orthodontics, University Medical Center at the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
Irene SchmidtmannInstitute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
Thomas DrechslerPrivate Clinic Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany.
Christina ErbeDepartment of Orthodontics, University Medical Center at the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThis prospective study aimed to evaluate periodontal inflammation in adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment with clear aligners (Invisalign® Teen, Align Technology, San Jose, CA, USA). Key objectives included assessing the presence of 11 periodontitis-associated marker bacteria, active matrix metalloproteinase-8 concentrations in sulcular fluid, and the influence of IL-1 polymorphism genotypes on periodontal health. MATERIALS AND

methodsFifty adolescent patients (13.3 ± 1.8 years) with mixed and permanent dentition participated. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were analyzed at multiple time points: before, during, and one year after aligner treatment. Periodontal health was assessed using the Gingivitis Index and the Modified Quigley-Hein Index. Genotypic analysis of IL-1 polymorphism was also performed. Statistical analyses included mixed linear models and generalized linear models to explore correlations.

resultsAll combinations of IL-1 polymorphism genotypes were found in the sample. No significant increase in periodontal inflammation or aMMP-8 concentrations was observed over the treatment period. Marker bacteria from the red and orange-associated complexes remained at low levels, while significant changes occurred in the orange and green complexes, particularly Capnocytophaga spp. (p = 0.0042) and Fusobacterium spp. (p = 0.0365). GI correlated significantly with aMMP-8 levels (p = 0.0017), but no genotype effect on GI was observed. MQH showed associations with pathogens from the orange and green complexes, including Capnocytophaga spp. and Fusobacterium spp.

conclusionsClear aligner treatment in adolescents, including those with an unfavorable genotype, does not increase periodontal inflammation when accompanied by good oral hygiene. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Regular periodontal monitoring and hygiene reinforcement is important during orthodontic treatment, especially in adolescent patients.

Indexed as

Gingival Crevicular FluidOral HealthOrthodontic Appliances, RemovablePeriodontitisAdolescentBiomarkersFemaleGenotypeHumansInterleukin-1MaleMatrix Metalloproteinase 8Periodontal IndexPolymorphism, GeneticProspective StudiesBiomarkersInterleukin-1Matrix Metalloproteinase 8Aligner therapyIL-1 polymorphismInflammatory biomarkerMatrix metalloproteinase-8Orthodontics

Identifiers

PMID40042542
PMCPMC11882737

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.