ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2025
A deep-learning retinal aging biomarker for cognitive decline and incident dementia.
Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Knowledge and perception of dementia risk and protective factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Pooled it
- AI-driven multimodal retinal imaging for early detection and risk stratification of vascular and neurodegenerative diseases.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
- Dynamic Oculomics for Diagnostic Monitoring: Personal Ocular Trends, Risk Stratification and Treatment Response.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Deep Learning-Derived Retinal Age Detects Cognitive Impairment.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Retinal hemodynamic and caliber biomarkers for the assessment of cerebral small vessel disease burden: insights from fundus fluorescein angiography.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Factors Associated with Machine Learning-Based Predictions of Retinal Aging Using Teleretinal Screening Images from Patients with Diabetes.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Estimated prevalence of underdiagnosed dementia in a multiethnic community-based study.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2026Article
- Associations between cognitive frailty and circulating cardiovascular biomarkers in a memory clinic cohort.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence-integrated multimodal retinal imaging for early detection and risk stratification of systemic vascular and neurodegenerative diseases.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Deep learning retinal imaging model identifies poor brain health among older adults without dementia.Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior · 2026Article
- Comparison of the additive value of blood-based and retinal biomarkers to clinical features in predicting cognitive decline.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- A deep-learning retinal aging biomarker for cognitive decline and incident dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Oculomics meets exposomics: a roadmap for applying multi-modal ocular biomarkers in precision environmental health research.Exposome · 2025Review
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20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe utility of retinal photography-derived aging biomarkers for predicting cognitive decline remains under-explored.
methodsA memory-clinic cohort in Singapore was followed-up for 5 years. RetiPhenoAge, a retinal aging biomarker, was derived from retinal photographs using deep-learning. Using competing risk analysis, we determined the associations of RetiPhenoAge with cognitive decline and dementia, with the UK Biobank utilized as the replication cohort. The associations of RetiPhenoAge with MRI markers(cerebral small vessel disease [CSVD] and neurodegeneration) and its underlying plasma proteomic profile were evaluated.
resultsOf 510 memory-clinic subjects(N = 155 cognitive decline), RetiPhenoAge associated with incident cognitive decline (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-1.64, p = 0.004), and incident dementia (SHR 1.43, 95% CI 1.02-2.01, p = 0.036). In the UK Biobank (N = 33 495), RetiPhenoAge similarly predicted incident dementia (SHR 1.25, 95% CI 1.09-1.41, p = 0.008). RetiPhenoAge significantly associated with CSVD, brain atrophy, and plasma proteomic signatures related to aging. DISCUSSION: RetiPhenoAge may provide a non-invasive prognostic screening tool for cognitive decline and dementia. HIGHLIGHTS: RetiPhenoAge, a retinal aging marker, was studied in an Asian memory clinic cohort. Older RetiPhenoAge predicted future cognitive decline and incident dementia. It also linked to neuropathological markers, and plasma proteomic profiles of aging. UK Biobank replication found that RetiPhenoAge predicted 12-year incident dementia. Future studies should validate RetiPhenoAge as a prognostic biomarker for dementia.
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