Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40040819›Full record

ArticleLancet regional health. Americas2025

Prevalence and moderators of depression symptoms among black individuals in Western Countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis among 1.3 million people in 421 studies.

Jude Mary Cénat, Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Moshirian Farahi, Léa Gakima, Joana Mukunzi, Wina Paul Darius, David Guangyu Diao, Farid Mansoub Bekarkhanechi, Anaïse Dalcé, Binty-Kamila Bangoura, Jihane Mkhatri and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Lancet regional health. Americas, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Observational
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Jude Mary CénatSchool of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Moshirian FarahiSchool of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Léa GakimaSchool of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Joana MukunziSchool of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Wina Paul DariusSchool of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
David Guangyu DiaoFaculty of Arts & Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Farid Mansoub BekarkhanechiFaculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Anaïse DalcéDepartment of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Binty-Kamila BangouraSchool of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Jihane MkhatriSchool of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Max CollomSchool of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Sarah BelachewSchool of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Kathy JosiahSchool of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Nicole WeisembergSchool of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Patrick R LabelleLibrary, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Rose Darly DalexisInterdisciplinary School of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Black people living in Western countries face a range of structural challenges and disparities (e.g. difficult socio-economic conditions, historical and intergenerational trauma, police brutality, racism) that adversely affect their mental health. This study assesses depression prevalence among Black individuals in minority contexts, examining sociodemographic factors, study type, evaluation period, publication year, and measures; and differences in depression rates between Black individuals and other racial groups (Asian, Indigenous, Latinx, White). Methods: To identify studies, a comprehensive search strategy was developed and executed on September 30, 2022 across six databases (Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL. Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, MEDLINE). The meta-analysis protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020155634). A random-effects meta-analysis estimated depression prevalence among Black individuals. Meta-regression tested differences by racial background, gender, sample type, evaluation method, age group, and publication year, reporting Odd ratios (ORs) with Confidence intervals (CIs). Findings: From 21,215 citations, 421 studies were included with a sample of 1,305,366 Black individuals (411 studies were conducted in North America, 9 in Europe, and one in both Europe and North America). Pooled prevalence was 20.2% (95% CI: 18.7%-21.7%) among Black individuals, 13.4% (95% CI: 10.2-16.9) among Asians, 21.0% (95% CI: 18.7-23.5) among Latinx, and 17.8% (95% CI: 16.3-19.2) among Whites. It was significantly lower among White (OR = 0.98, Interpretation: As depression constitutes a burden among Black individuals in the West, it is urgent to mobilize public health agencies, research funding agencies and clinicians to develop and implement antiracist and culturally adapted prevention and intervention programs. Funding: Public Health Agency of Canada, (grant number 1920-HQ-000053), the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) and Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) (grant number 469050).

Indexed as

Black individualsDepressionMeta-analysisPrevalence rateRacial/ethnic minoritiesSystematic reviewWestern countries

Identifiers

PMID40040819
PMCPMC11875199

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.