SynthesisEuropean psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists2025
Sex differences in psychosocial functioning and neurocognition in bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Relationships between cognition and daily functioning in adults with bipolar disorder: A systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis.Psychological bulletin · 2026Pooled it
- Resilience in Bipolar Disorder Compared to Clinical and Non-Clinical Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2026Pooled it
- Cortical Thickness in Middle and Older Aged Adults With Bipolar Disorder Across Six International Sites.Bipolar disorders · 2026Article
- Influence of Sex and Diagnosis on Clinical Variables and Neurocognitive Performance in Severe Mental Illness. Results From the PsyCourse Study.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Sex differences in prevalence and clinical correlates for psychotic symptoms in first-episode drug-naïve patients with bipolar disorder: a cross-sectional study.Annals of general psychiatry · 2026Article
- Long-Term Trends in the Burden of Bipolar Disorder in China, 1990-2052: An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.Psychology research and behavior management · 2026Article
- Patterns of lithium exposure and mortality in bipolar disorder: A population-based cohort study.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionImpairment in both psychosocial functioning and neurocognition (NC) performance is present in bipolar disorder (BD) yet the role of sex differences in these deficits remains unclear. The present systematic review and meta-analysis examined whether males and females with BD demonstrate differences in psychosocial functioning and NC performance.
methodsThe Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched from inception until November 20, 2023.
resultsTwenty studies published between 2005 and 2023 with a total sample size of 2286 patients with BD were included. A random effects meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant result with a small effect (SMD = 0.313) for sex differences in verbal learning and memory as well as visual learning and memory (SMD = 0.263). Females outperformed males in both domains. No significant sex differences were observed for any other NC outcome or psychosocial functioning. High heterogeneity and differences in assessment scales used should be considered when interpreting these findings, given their potential impact on results.
conclusionsFuture research should adopt a more homogenous, standardized approach using longitudinal designs to gain a clearer insight into sex differences in this population. This approach so may increase the use of preventative therapeutic options to address the difficult clinical challenge of reaching cognitive and functional recovery.
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