Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40038743›Full record

Trial reportThe international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity2025

Objectively measured environmental factors in relation to school travel mode among adolescents: a decision tree analysis.

Lena Malnes, Tommy Haugen, Emma Charlott Andersson Nordbø, Andreas Ivarsson, Elin Kolle, Geir Kåre Resaland, Runar Barstad Solberg, Andreas Åvitsland, Sveinung Berntsen

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03817047 (A Cluster-randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effect of Increased Physical Education and Physical Activity on Adolescents' Physical and Mental Health, Academic Performance and Learning Environment), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03817047 nacompletednot on this map

A Cluster-randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effect of Increased Physical Education and Physical Activity on Adolescents' Physical and Mental Health, Academic Performance and Learning Environment

TypeinterventionalSponsorNorwegian School of Sport SciencesRan2017 to 2018Enrolled2,045ConditionsPhysical Activity, Academic Achievement, Mental HealthArmsPhysical education, Physical active learning, Physical activity, Be happy
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Lena MalnesDepartment of Sport Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, P.O. Box 422, Kristiansand, 4604, Norway. Lena.h.malnes@uia.no.
Tommy HaugenDepartment of Sport Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, P.O. Box 422, Kristiansand, 4604, Norway.
Emma Charlott Andersson NordbøDepartment of Public Health Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, Ås, NO-1432, Norway.
Andreas IvarssonDepartment of Sport Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, P.O. Box 422, Kristiansand, 4604, Norway.
Elin KolleDepartment Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, P.O. Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, Oslo, 0806, Norway.
Geir Kåre ResalandFaculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 7030, Bergen, 5020, Norway.
Runar Barstad SolbergCentre for Epidemic Interventions Research, Norwegian Institute for Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, Oslo, 0213, Norway.
Andreas ÅvitslandDepartment of Education and Sport Science, University of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8600, Stavanger, 4036, Norway.
Sveinung BerntsenDepartment of Sport Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, P.O. Box 422, Kristiansand, 4604, Norway.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUnderstanding the factors that influence school travel mode choice is essential for promoting active travel among adolescents. Currently, there is a lack of research that effectively investigates the interactions between demographic and environmental factors on travel behavior. We aimed to investigate the associations between various demographic and environmental characteristics and the choice of school travel modes-walking, cycling, or motorized transport-among adolescents, across the winter and summer seasons.

methodsData from 1409 Norwegian adolescents, aged 14-15 years, who participated in the School In Motion project were analyzed. Self-reported travel modes and demographic characteristics were collected via questionnaires, while environmental characteristics were determined using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). A decision tree analysis was conducted utilizing the chi-squared automatic interaction detection algorithm to discern patterns in the data. The present study has a cross-sectional design.

resultsDuring summer, the predominant travel modes were cycling (39%), walking (37%), and motorized transport (24%). Gender was associated with travel mode choices over short distances (< 1.6 km), with girls favoring walking and boys favoring cycling. For longer commutes, steep inclines were associated with reduced walking and cycling, while higher traffic exposure was associated with increased cycling. During winter, walking (50%) was the most common mode, followed by motorized travel (36%) and cycling (14%). Living near peers was associated with increased walking and cycling among girls. For commutes exceeding 2 km, factors such as available bus transit, more streetlights, the absence of steep hills, and higher urban centrality were linked to increased walking and cycling.

conclusionsThe findings indicated a complex pattern of demographic and environmental factors influencing active travel, with environmental factors becoming increasingly important as commuting distances increased. These findings highlight the importance of considering the interactions of various factors to effectively promote active travel, especially for adolescents undertaking longer commutes.

trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov ID no: NCT03817047. Registered on: January 25, 2019 (retrospectively registered).

Indexed as

Adolescent BehaviorBicyclingSchoolsTransportationWalkingAdolescentCross-Sectional StudiesDecision TreesFemaleGeographic Information SystemsHumansMaleNorwaySeasonsSurveys and QuestionnairesCommutingCorrelatesCyclingGISPredictorsTeenagersWalkingYouth

Identifiers

PMID40038743
PMCPMC11877687

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.