Trial reportBMC medical education2025
Development and user experience of a three-dimensional object-based virtual reality-simulation tool for dental radiography training: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in BMC medical education, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Augmented and virtual reality in dental and oral and maxillofacial surgery education: a systematic review with a taxonomy of training technologies.BMC medical education · 2026Pooled it
- Haptic technology in orthodontics: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oral health · 2026Review
- Development and evaluation of a dental hygiene education program using scenario-based simulation method.Journal of dental sciences · 2026Article
- Immersive Reality-Based Training Simulator for Dental Extraction: Protocol for a Randomized Pilot Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Effect of a virtual reality simulator for preclinical instruction of operative dentistry on level of competence of undergraduate dental students.BMC medical education · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn dental radiography education, students typically observe instructor demonstrations and practice on mannequins or peers. However, owing to the large student-to-instructor ratio, providing individualized feedback is challenging. Repeated practice is also hindered by radiation exposure from dental radiography machines. Implementing three-dimensional (3D) object-based virtual reality (VR) simulations can address these concerns. We developed a 3D object-based VR-simulation tool for dental radiography learning (namely, 3DOVR-DR) and evaluated user experiences.
methodsFor the development of 3DOVR-DR, a virtual dental radiography room was constructed using 3D objects. The intraoral radiography process was divided into 12 steps, and the Unity 3D engine was used to create an interactive VR environment for step-by-step learning. This study was a randomized controlled trial. To evaluate user experience, 79 participants were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 39), which used Google Cardboard for VR, or an experimental group (n = 40), which used 3DOVR-DR, to evaluate the user experience. A survey questionnaire of 22 items was administered to all participants. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney U test.
resultsThe 3DOVR-DR tool provided an immersive experience for simulating and learning the dental radiography process within a VR setting. Users performed step-by-step tasks related to dental radiography in the virtual space, adjusting and repeating the entire process or specific steps as needed for their learning. Users received guidance and practiced dental radiography using 3DOVR-DR. User-experience ratings were significantly higher in the experimental group (4.35±0.47) compared to the control group (3.63±0.66; P < 0.001).
conclusionsThe 3DOVR-DR tool shows potential as a learning medium for intraoral radiography education. Further analysis is needed to examine the impact and mediating effects of the 3D object-based VR experience on dental radiographic practice. Future research should include pedagogical analysis to evaluate the educational effectiveness of this learning tool.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.