Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40038547›Full record

ArticleNature genetics2025

The contribution of genetic determinants of blood gene expression and splicing to molecular phenotypes and health outcomes.

Alex Tokolyi, Elodie Persyn, Artika P Nath, Katie L Burnham, Jonathan Marten, Thomas Vanderstichele, Manuel Tardaguila, David Stacey, Ben Farr, Vivek Iyer and 22 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature genetics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Proteogenomics in human populations.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Genetic influences on haematopoiesis.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Allele-specific splicing modulates protein isoforms and Alzheimer's risk.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  16. medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Higher eQTL power reveals signals that boost GWAS colocalization.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

32 authors.

Alex Tokolyi *Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4222-7484
Elodie Persyn *British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-1972
Artika P NathCambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Katie L BurnhamWellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8680-2933
Jonathan MartenBritish Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Thomas VandersticheleWellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
Manuel TardaguilaWellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7812-604X
David StaceyBritish Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9392-9235
Ben FarrWellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
Vivek IyerWellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
Xilin JiangBritish Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6773-9182
Samuel A LambertBritish Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Guillaume NoellWellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
Michael A QuailWellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3861-0483
Diana RajanWellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
Scott C RitchieBritish Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8454-9548
Benjamin B SunTranslational Sciences, Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6347-2281
Scott A J ThurstonWellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1657-9200
Yu XuBritish Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7304-5045
Christopher D WhelanNeuroscience Data Science, Janssen Research & Development, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0308-5583
Heiko RunzTranslational Sciences, Research & Development, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Slavé PetrovskiCentre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-961X
Daniel J GaffneyWellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
David J RobertsRadcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
Emanuele Di AngelantonioBritish Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8776-6719
James E PetersDepartment of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9415-3440
Nicole SoranzoWellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
John DaneshWellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
Adam S ButterworthBritish Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6915-9015
Michael Inouye *British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9413-6520
Emma E Davenport *Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
Dirk S Paul *British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. dirk.paul@astrazeneca.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8230-0116

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The biological mechanisms through which most nonprotein-coding genetic variants affect disease risk are unknown. To investigate gene-regulatory mechanisms, we mapped blood gene expression and splicing quantitative trait loci (QTLs) through bulk RNA sequencing in 4,732 participants and integrated protein, metabolite and lipid data from the same individuals. We identified cis-QTLs for the expression of 17,233 genes and 29,514 splicing events (in 6,853 genes). Colocalization analyses revealed 3,430 proteomic and metabolomic traits with a shared association signal with either gene expression or splicing. We quantified the relative contribution of the genetic effects at loci with shared etiology, observing 222 molecular phenotypes significantly mediated by gene expression or splicing. We uncovered gene-regulatory mechanisms at disease loci with therapeutic implications, such as WARS1 in hypertension, IL7R in dermatitis and IFNAR2 in COVID-19. Our study provides an open-access resource on the shared genetic etiology across transcriptional phenotypes, molecular traits and health outcomes in humans ( https://IntervalRNA.org.uk ).

Indexed as

Quantitative Trait LociRNA SplicingCOVID-19FemaleGene Expression RegulationGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHumansMalePhenotypeSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID40038547
PMCPMC11906350

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.