Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40038467›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Spatial pattern of groundwater chemistry in a typical piedmont plain of Northern China driven by natural and anthropogenic forces.

Qichen Hao, Yong Xiao, Kui Liu, Hongjie Yang, Huizhu Chen, Liwei Wang, Jie Wang, Yuqing Zhang, Wenxu Hu, Yu Liu and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Qichen HaoFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Cycling and Eco-Geological Processes, Xiamen, 361021, China.
Yong XiaoFaculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China. xiaoyong@swjtu.edu.cn.
Kui LiuKunming Engineering Corporation Limited, Power China, Kunming, 650051, China.
Hongjie YangFaculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China.
Huizhu ChenSchool of International Studies, Chengdu College of Arts and Sciences, Chengdu, 610401, China.
Liwei WangFaculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China.
Jie WangFaculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China.
Yuqing ZhangFaculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China.
Wenxu HuFaculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China.
Yu LiuXiamen Institute of Environmental Science, Xiamen, 361006, China.
Binjie LiFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Cycling and Eco-Geological Processes, Xiamen, 361021, China.

Funding

Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Cycling and Eco-Geological Processes SK202305KF01MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) 2023-004National Key Research and Development Program of China 2024YFC3211600National Natural Science Foundation of China 41702282National Natural Science Foundation of China 42477059Student Research Training Program of Southwest Jiaotong University 241925
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Groundwater is crucial for human society's development in piedmont plains, yet its hydrogeochemistry often exhibits complex spatial distributions due to the interplay of nature and human factors. Ninety-two phreatic groundwater samples were collected from a typical piedmont plain in northern China and analyzed using self-organizing map combined with hydrogeochemical simulation, diagrams, and the entropy-weighted water quality index. Groundwater samples were categorized into four clusters, demonstrating a gradual hydrogeochemical facies evolution from HCO

Indexed as

Groundwater qualityHydrogeochemistryPiedmont plainSelf-organizing map (SOM)Spatial variability

Identifiers

PMID40038467
PMCPMC11880298

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.