ArticleNature biomedical engineering2025
3D-printed perfused models of the penis for the study of penile physiology and for restoring erectile function in rabbits and pigs.
Article in Nature biomedical engineering, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hydrogels: current biomedical applications and future directions.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- A general strategy for access intrinsically antioxidant polyolefins.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Targeting and antioxidant surface-engineered mesenchymal stromal cells for enhanced erectile dysfunction therapy.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Printing technologies for monitoring crop health.Nature communications · 2026Review
- 2025 in review.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Hydrogel technologies in andrology: advances in research and prospective applications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The intricate topology of vascular networks and the complex functions of vessel-rich tissues are challenging to reconstruct in vitro. Here we report the development of: in vitro pathological models of erectile dysfunction and Peyronie's disease; a model of the penis that includes the glans and the corpus spongiosum with urethral structures; and an implantable model of the corpus cavernosum, whose complex vascular network is critical for erectile function, via the vein-occlusion effect. Specifically, we 3D printed a hydrogel-based corpus cavernosum incorporating a strain-limiting tunica albuginea that can be engorged with blood through vein occlusion. In corpus cavernosum defects in rabbits and pigs, implantation of the 3D-printed tissue seeded with endothelial cells restored normal erectile function on electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerves as well as spontaneous erectile function within a few weeks of implantation, which allowed the animals to mate and reproduce. Our findings support the further development of 3D-printed blood-vessel-rich functional organs for transplantation.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.