Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40038308›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Impact-induced ultra-high melting point oldhamite discovered in Chang'E-6 lunar soil.

Chen Li, Yang Li, Ronghua Pang, Jiyang Xie, Zixuan Han, Yuanyun Wen, Xiaojia Zeng, Li Wang, Ziyan Qin, Jie Yang and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Chen LiCenter for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China.
Yang LiCenter for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China. liyang@mail.gyig.ac.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5456-6603
Ronghua PangCenter for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4738-1720
Jiyang XieElectron Microscopy Center, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
Zixuan HanCenter for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China.
Yuanyun WenCenter for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China.
Xiaojia ZengCenter for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6536-779X
Li WangSchool of Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
Ziyan QinSchool of Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
Jie YangElectron Microscopy Center, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
Wanbiao HuElectron Microscopy Center, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0180-9648
Jianzhong LiuCenter for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8324-3782
Xiongyao LiCenter for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2857-1089
Wenhui MaSchool of Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.

Funding

Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS) 2020395
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chang'E-6 lunar soil was the first sample collected on the lunar farside. It provides insights into impact history and thermodynamic evolution of the Moon. Here we show the discovered widespread oldhamite (CaS) in lunar regolith samples. Analysis of the microscopic composition and crystal structure showed that the oldhamite has a cubic structure and presence at the interface of glass and iron on the surface of the impact glass beads, suggesting a interface thermochemical reaction. Thermodynamic calculations show that the formation of chemical reactions requires a reducing atmosphere and high temperature to ensure reducing environment and high iron activity for promoting the interaction. Such environment suggests a potential large-scale, high-energy impact event with a S-rich asteroid or involving lunar S-rich mantle-core excavation. Oldhamite has never been observed in other lunar samples from near side. Our findings reveal a unique evolution history of the South Pole-Aitken basin, which is distinct from nearside.

Identifiers

PMID40038308
PMCPMC11880381

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.