Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40038224›Full record

ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2025

A Qualitative Study of Older Adult Perspectives on Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Type 2 Diabetes.

Molly L Tanenbaum, Ilana Peterson, Connie Uratsu, Minnie W Chen, Lisa Gilliam, Andrew J Karter, Anjali Gopalan, Richard W Grant, Esti Iturralde

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Molly L TanenbaumDivision of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. mollyt@stanford.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-4222-4224
Ilana PetersonDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, CA, USA.
Connie UratsuDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, CA, USA.
Minnie W ChenDepartment of Endocrinology, Kaiser Permanente South San Francisco Medical Center, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
Lisa GilliamDepartment of Endocrinology, Kaiser Permanente South San Francisco Medical Center, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
Andrew J KarterDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, CA, USA.
Anjali GopalanDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, CA, USA.
Richard W GrantDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, CA, USA.
Esti IturraldeDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Pleasanton, CA, USA.

Funding

Translational Research Core - Health Engagement & Action Translational (HEAT)P30DK092924 · NIDDK · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI Alyce Sophia Adams, HILARY Kessler SELIGMAN · 2011 to 2026
$9.2M
Race/ethnic Differences Among Older Patients with Type 2 Diabetes at Risk for HypoglycemiaR01DK134446 · NIDDK · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI RICHARD W GRANT · 2023 to 2026
$2.7M
Optimizing Care to Prevent Diabetes and Promote Cardiovascular Health Among Younger Adults with Severe Mental IllnessK23MH126078 · NIMH · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI Esti Iturralde · 2022 to 2026
$1.0M
ONBOARD: OvercomiNg Barriers & Obstacles to Adopting Diabetes DevicesK23DK119470 · NIDDK · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI TANENBAUM, MOLLY LEAH · 2019 to 2023
$988k
NIDDK NIH HHS K23DK119470NIDDK NIH HHS P30DK092924NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK134446NIDDK NIH HHS R01DK134446NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH126078
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundContinuous glucose monitoring (CGM) may improve self-management and reduce hypoglycemia risk among individuals with diabetes. However, little is known about how older adults with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (T2D) experience and incorporate this technology into their daily lives.

objectiveTo explore experiences, preferences, barriers, and questions related to using CGM among older adults with insulin-treated T2D with and without experience using CGM.

designQualitative focus group study.

participantsEnglish-speaking older adults with T2D in a large, integrated healthcare delivery system. Groups included either experienced CGM users or adults who had not previously used CGM. Recruitment efforts prioritized individuals ≥ 75 years of age. APPROACH: Transcripts were analyzed using the Framework Method to identify perspectives on CGM. Specific thematic categories were hypoglycemia-related benefits, general benefits, usefulness and ease of use concerns, and CGM questions. KEY

resultsThe study included 26 participants: 17 (65%) were experienced CGM users, 58% were female; median age was 74 (range 62-88) years. Participants perceived and anticipated these CGM benefits: informing behavior changes, reducing in-the-moment hypoglycemia risk, improving awareness and decision-making, and strengthening clinician collaboration. Perceived CGM barriers included challenges with wearability and reliability, burdens to others, distrust of technology, sensory and learning challenges, insufficient clinician support or engagement, and access and payer hurdles. Despite these downsides, experienced users perceived CGM as a worthwhile alternative to daily fingerstick glucose checks. Non-users were able to formulate many usability questions, providing a snapshot of informational needs for this age group.

conclusionsOlder adults with insulin-treated T2D experienced or anticipated benefits from CGM for diabetes management. Findings indicate a need for tailored education and self-management support for older adults to learn and gain maximal benefit from this technology.

Indexed as

Blood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2AgedAged, 80 and overContinuous Glucose MonitoringFemaleFocus GroupsHumansHypoglycemiaHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinMaleMiddle AgedQualitative ResearchBlood GlucoseHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinContinuous glucose monitoringHypoglycemiaOlder adultsPrimary careType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40038224
PMCPMC12405080

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.