ArticleHealth promotion international2025
Clearing the haze: novel methodology objectively assessing children's online exposure to tobacco and vape marketing.
Article in Health promotion international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bombarded? Child's-eye views of smartphone-based game application advertising: objective insights from Aotearoa New Zealand.Health promotion international · 2026Article
- Evading regulation: young people's exposure to harmful commodity marketing in the social media feeds of their favourite influencers.Health promotion international · 2026Article
- Virtual reality in school-based health promotion: a mixed-methods evaluation of adolescent alcohol, vaping, and other drug use prevention.Health promotion international · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Marketing of tobacco and vape products is effective at recruiting new users; yet, little is known about children's online exposure to such material. This research aimed to develop a methodology for assessing children's exposure to, and engagement with, online tobacco and vape marketing. This pilot study used data from the innovative Kids Online Aotearoa Study in which 156 11-13-year-olds from schools in the Wellington region of Aotearoa New Zealand used Zoom teleconferencing software to record real-time, screen-shared internet use for four consecutive days. We developed a coding framework to analyse the nature and extent of exposure to tobacco or vape marketing and applied it to a strategic subset of children's (n = 16) data. Twenty-one instances of tobacco or vape marketing were identified from 12 participants; four participants had no identified exposures. The findings show that children are exposed to such marketing online, despite legislation that should protect them; these insights improve understanding of the online marketing environment and may help to support global health promotion efforts in tobacco and nicotine control given the borderless nature of the online world. The Kids Online Aotearoa tobacco and vape marketing methodology and coding framework enables the direct assessment of children's exposure to online tobacco and vape marketing and is a valuable research tool to monitor and provide evidence to inform social and political action to protect children from online harm.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.