ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2025
Genetic Susceptibility to the Environment Moderates the Impact of Childhood Experiences on Psychotic, Depressive, and Anxiety Dimensions.
Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genetic sensitivity to the environment moderates the impact of positive and negative childhood experiences on psychological adjustment "for good and for bad".European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Article
- The double-edged sword effect of adverse childhood experiences forging adult stress into depression and anxiety.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Time to incorporate positive experiences and outcomes in psychosis research: genetic differential susceptibility to childhood experiences works for "better and for worse".Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Adverse Childhood Experiences, Genetic Susceptibility, and the Risk of Osteoporosis: A Cohort Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Neuroscience of Schizotypy: A Translational Perspective From Phenotype to Genetics and Brain Networks.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Article
- Genetic Differences in Reactivity to the Environment Impact Psychotic-Like and Affective Reactivity in Daily Life.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
background and hypothesisGene-by-environment (GxE) studies in psychosis have exclusively focused on negative exposures. However, evidence supports the resilience-enhancing effect of positive factors on psychosis outcome. The Differential Susceptibility (DS) model proposes that common genetic variants may confer not only disproportionate responsiveness to negative environments, but also greater sensitivity to positive, resilience-enhancing conditions. This study is the first to apply the DS model to the expression of subclinical psychosis, employing polygenic risk scores of environmental sensitivity (PRS-ES). PRS-ES were hypothesized to moderate, in a DS manner, associations between childhood adversity and psychosis, affective, and anxiety dimensions in young adults. An exploratory goal examined whether PRS for psychotic-like experiences (PRS-PLE) also showed DS patterns. STUDY
designPRS, schizotypy, PLE, depression, anxiety, and childhood adversity ratings were obtained for 197 nonclinical young adults. LEGIT software for testing competitive-confirmatory GxE models was employed. STUDY
resultsResults largely supported DS: Individuals high on PRS-ES showed increased subclinical psychosis, depression, and anxiety if they had experienced elevated childhood adversity, and lower symptoms if exposed to low levels of adversity as compared with those with low PRS-ES. Similarly, PRS-PLE moderated the effect of adversity on PLE, positive schizotypy, and depression following the DS model, but only PRS-ES moderation on PLE survived statistical correction.
conclusionsOur results suggest that genetic DS to the environment is relevant to psychosis, depression, and anxiety. Current debates on reconceptualization of genetic "risk" and resilience may benefit from this insight that support optimistic views on preventative efforts for early detection and intervention.
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