Observational studyThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2025
Clinical Phenotype of Graves Disease in Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome or as Isolated Disease: The GRAPHE Study.
Observational study in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Predictive factors for remission in pediatric Graves' disease treated with antithyroid drugs: a retrospective study.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Observational
- Thyroid eye disease in the context of autoimmune polyglandular syndromes: comparative clinical insights from a retrospective study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
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12 authors.
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Abstract
contextGraves disease (GD) can occur as an isolated condition or as part of an autoimmune polyglandular syndrome; there are no data regarding the differences in phenotype between these 2 forms.
objectiveTo assess differences in clinical presentation, complications, and outcomes in patients with isolated GD compared to those in whom GD is part of an autoimmune polyglandular syndrome.
methodsThe GRAPHE study is a retrospective observational study. The medical records of all patients with GD diagnosed and regularly followed at outpatient clinics for Endocrinology, Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Surgery, from January 1, 2010, to June 30, 2024, were retrieved. All the patients were followed by the same endocrinologists and treated in accordance with existing guidelines.
resultsThe enrolled patients (n = 567; 77% women) were divided into 3 different groups based on GD phenotypes: subjects affected by isolated GD (isolated GD); patients who developed autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (GD1-APS); and patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome who developed GD during follow-up (GD2-APS). The 3 groups were superimposable for gender (P = .086), fT4 (P = .899), fT3 (P = .434), TRAb titers (P = .882), and thyroid volume (P = .840) at disease onset. Isolated GD patients exhibited Graves orbitopathy more frequently (P < .001), a higher rate of definitive therapy (P < .001) and shorter time between disease onset and definitive therapy (P < .001) compared to the GD1-APS and GD2-APS patients.
conclusionThe results of the present study show that, despite similar clinical and biochemical phenotype at presentation, a more severe clinical course characterizes isolated GD patients compared to those whose disease is a feature of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome.
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