ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2025
Education, Occupational Environment, and Cognitive Function in Later Life.
Article in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multidimensional workplace stressors differentially impact cognitive trajectories.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- The social environment and cognitive aging over the life course: laying out critical concepts and research gaps.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Occupational autonomy and cognitive function: the moderating role of educational attainment.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- How Childhood State Education Quality Shapes the Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Mid-to-Later Life.Alzheimer's & dementia. Behavior & socioeconomics of aging · 2026Article
- Different types of working after retirement on the changes in cognitive function among taiwanese retirees: 3-year follow-up study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The role of educational attainment and quality in U.S. regional variation in prevalence of dementia and CIND.PloS one · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesEducation is among the most robust predictors of cognitive health outcomes in later life. However, few studies have comprehensively evaluated whether and how much of this effect is explained by occupational exposures. This study aims to determine if and how much pre-retirement occupational exposures (occurring before age 60) mediate the association between education and cognitive function at age 65+.
methodsWe use data drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and Occupation Information Network (O*NET) data. Informed by previous research and theory, we conducted Confirmatory Factor Analyses of occupation-level exposure measures using a longitudinal HRS-O*NET linked data set we created, and we identified 2 latent factors: occupational hazards and occupational complexity. Among initially employed adults (age 51-60 at baseline), we used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to evaluate the association between education and cognitive function at age 65+, and the role of our 2 occupational factors in mediating this association.
resultsThe measurement and structural models both had good model fit (TLI, CFI ≥ 0.95, SRMR < 0.08). We found (a) that education remained a critical predictor of cognitive outcomes in later life even when accounting for occupational exposures, and (b) only hazardous exposures mediated the association between education and cognitive function in later life (a2b2=0.02, p = .01), explaining about 17% of the effect of education. DISCUSSION: These findings suggest interventions designed to decrease exposure to hazardous occupational exposures could reduce some of the cognitive disadvantages in later life associated with lower levels of education.
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