ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2025
Effects of Rare Coding Variants in Severe Early-Onset Obesity Genes in the Population-Based UK Biobank Study.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genetic variants of the leptin-melanocortin pathway in a clinically selected Greek cohort with severe early-onset obesity and hyperphagia: implications for precision obesity medicine.Obesity pillars · 2026Article
- Epigenetic and polygenic contributions to body mass index: a validation study of predictive models.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Article
- Effects of Rare Coding Variants in Severe Early-Onset Obesity Genes in the Population-Based UK Biobank Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
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11 authors.
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Abstract
contextClinical case-based studies have identified rare pathogenic variants in several genes as causes of severe early-onset obesity, but their penetrance and interaction with polygenic susceptibility in the general population remain unclear.
objectiveWe analyzed the United Kingdom Biobank (UKBB) whole-exome sequence data to assess the effects of heterozygous variants in 9 previously reported genes on adult body mass index (BMI) and recalled childhood adiposity.
methodsAmong 419 581 UKBB participants, we identified heterozygous carriers of coding variants that were (1) experimentally characterized as loss of function (LoF), or (2) bioinformatically predicted as rare (minor allele frequency <0.1%) LoF. We assessed variant-level and gene-level population penetrance of obesity and associations with adult BMI and recalled childhood adiposity, and tested the statistical interaction between rare variant carriage and a BMI polygenic score.
resultsConsidering experimentally characterized LoF variants (excluding MC4R), we identified 22 heterozygous and 2 homozygous variants in 3 autosomal recessive genes (POMC, PCSK1, LEPR), and 3 autosomal dominant genes (SH2B1, SIM1, KSR2) with at least 10 carriers in the UKBB. Obesity penetrance among carriers ranged from 8% to 29% (median 23%), and none was significantly different from noncarriers (24%, all P > .05). For bioinformatically predicted rare LoF variants, gene-based burden tests showed that carriage of heterozygous variants in MC4R, PCSK1, and POMC was associated with higher adult BMI (effect sizes ranged from 0.5 to 2.5 kg/m2, all P < .003), with no significant interaction effects with common variant polygenic risk of BMI.
conclusionThis study provides the population-specific report of variant penetrance of known obesity genes and confirmed the heterozygous rare variant effects in MC4R, POMC, and PCSK1. We also underscore the utility of population-based studies in supporting variant classifications.
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